Frailty for neurologists: a practical guide

Neurologists increasingly care for people with significant frailty in both clinic and ward settings. Such care demands a balanced approach to investigation, diagnosis and treatment, as well-intentioned actions can produce adverse effects. This article presents a practical approach to the identification and management of patients with frailty and neurological conditions. We address medicines optimisation, common causes of deterioration in those with frailty, communication, decisions about intensity of treatment, and shared decision-making including ethical aspects of withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, with a view to improving the experience both of people living with frailty and of the teams who care for them.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXECUTING PROBATIONARY NON-CUSTODIAL PENALTIES IN VARIOUS RISK GROUPS CONCERNING THE RECIDIVISM OF PROBATIONERS

Based on cross-sectional studies, this article evaluates the effectiveness of probation offi cers. The classifi cation of convicts into risk groups is intended to improve public security and adjust the type and intensity of treatment by probation offi cers to the profile of the probationers. In this way, it is possible to adjust the methodological measures used by probation offi cers to the work strategies of worldwide probation services based on the case management model. The effectiveness of supervision conducted by probation offi cers largely depends on their commitment to the resocialisation process and the way of treating probationers. The conclusions resulting from this text will be especially useful in the work of resocialisation offi cers and probation offi cers.

TO DETERMINATION OF SOIL PROCESSING UNIT EFFICIENCY

Method of calculation of plough efficiency is proposed taking into account soil crumbling index and value of traction resistance. It has been established that 4.3... 5.1% values of traction resistance are spent on soil crushing. The reasonable value of absolute moisture of loamy soil, at which the energy intensity of treatment is minimal, is 18%.