Participant Service Ability Aware Data Collecting Mechanism for Mobile Crowd Sensing

To collect data efficiently and reliably in Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS), a Participant Service Ability Aware (PSAA) data collecting mechanism is proposed. First, participants select the best sensing task according to the task complexity and desired reward in the multitasking scenario. Second, the Stackelberg Game model is established based on the mutual choice of participants and platform to maximize their utilities to evaluate the service ability of participants. Finally, participants transmit data to platform directly or indirectly through the best relay and the sensing data from the participants with better service ability is selected to complete sensing tasks accurately and efficiently with the minimum overall reward expense. The numerical results show that the proposed data collection mechanism can maximize the utility of participants and platform, efficiently accomplish sensing tasks and significantly reduce the overall reward expense.

Discovering the leader of a volleyball team using the sociometric survey method

Background: Some specialists have said that leaders are born, some said that they are made, but regardless of what you believe, finding the right leader can be very important to a sport team performance. The leader can be chosen by the coach, but is not always accepted by the team. So, we believe that it is important for the leader of the team to be elected by the members of the group; knowing the relationships between the members of a group can help build strong connections and good group cohesion. Aim: The present study evaluates the connections within a volleyball team, establishing the sympathy relationships, mutual choice or rejection between players. These relationships can reveal our group dynamics, structure and hierarchy, so after analyzing those factors we can determine the group leader, the marginalized individuals and group cohesion and status of each member in the team. We also tried to find out if the formal leader named by the coach matches the leader of the group and if improving the relationships within our volleyball team and finding the right leader can improve the performance of our team. The group included 12 mini volleyball players, aged 10-12, that play in the women’s national youth championship. Methods: We used the observational method, the survey method and the socio-metric test. Results: The results of our research showed that the socio-metric test confirmed our presumptions and we can see that leaders of our group are DC (3), with a social index of 1, and GI (5), with a social index of 0.55. The cohesiveness of our group is good, with 7 mutual election and 5 mutual rejections, the coefficient of group cohesion is 0.11, and the Index of group cohesion is 0.03. Conclusions: The conclusions of our study showed that our group has the right leader and good cohesiveness.

Artificial selection reveals sex differences in the genetic basis of sexual attractiveness

Mutual mate choice occurs when males and females base mating decisions on shared traits. Despite increased awareness, the extent to which mutual choice drives phenotypic change remains poorly understood. When preferences in both sexes target the same traits, it is unclear how evolution will proceed and whether responses to sexual selection from male choice will match or oppose responses to female choice. Answering this question is challenging, as it requires understanding, genetic relationships between the traits targeted by choice, mating success, and, ultimately, fitness for both sexes. Addressing this, we applied artificial selection to the cuticular hydrocarbons of the fly Drosophila serrata that are targeted by mutual choice and tracked evolutionary changes in males and females alongside changes in mating success. After 10 generations, significant trait evolution occurred in both sexes, but intriguingly there were major sex differences in the associated fitness consequences. Sexually selected trait evolution in males led to a genetically based increase in male mating success. By contrast, although trait evolution also occurred in females, there was no change in mating success. Our results suggest that phenotypic sexual selection on females from male choice is environmentally, rather than genetically, generated. Thus, compared with female choice, male choice is at best a weak driver of signal trait evolution in this species. Instead, the evolution of apparent female ornamentation seems more likely due to a correlated response to sexual selection on males and possibly other forms of natural selection.

Comparative Sociometric Profile Of Regular Alcohol Drinking Adolescents

Summary Jacob Moreno defined sociometry as “the inquiry into the evolution and organization of groups and the position of individuals within them”. Every person composes their own group of significant others and the social relations in this dominated by the person group of the most important people in their life is called sociometric profile. The sociometric profile provides an opportunity to reveal social bonds, dependences and influences that impact one's behavior. The aim of the study was to describe the sociometric profile of regularly drinking adolescents as a result from comparison with the sociometric profile of non-drinking adolescents. We conducted a survey among 903 students (aged 15-19), by means of a self-administered questionnaire about relations with father, mother, friends and lovers. Of these, 169 identified themselves as regular drinkers (RDAs) and 279 ‒ as abstainers (NDAs). We compared these groups to reveal the comparative sociometric profile of drinking adolescents. It was found that RDAs were significantly more likely to be: 1) highly dependent on their lovers (OR=1.6); 2) detached from their mothers (OR=4.55); 3) in ambivalent relations with their friends; 4) without significant differences in relations with their fathers. It seems that the Stars of RDAs are their lovers, the Isolates are their mothers and friends are their ambivalent Mutual Choice. This comparative sociogram suggests that lovers are likely to be the most influencing person among RDAs' significant others and intimate relations might be the main target in alcohol prevention programs.

Enlightenment of Japanese Garbage Disposal on Jilin Province Developing Low Carbon Economy

In the background of climate issues of much worldwide attention, developing low carbon economy has become the mutual choice of all countries in the world. China is now currently facing serious international emission reduction pressure and economy development energy environment restriction. Japan, as an island country with extremely poor energy, is the most active advocator and promoter of low carbon economy, and through many years of low carbon development, it has accumulated rich experience. This paper discusses Japanese environment protection and low carbon path from the mutual interaction role of Japanese garbage classification recycling and low carbon economy, so as to combine Jilin Province garbage disposal feature to analyze our province to refer to the garbage processing mode.

The Evaluation of International Education College Students' Comprehensive Quality

This paper had built a scientific international education college students' comprehensive quality evaluation index system. It made full use of the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy system to empirical analyze, made the international education college students' comprehensive quality evaluation model work in practice and provide a reference for international education college students' comprehensive quality evaluation, student annual academic assessment, mutual choice employment.

COST AND COMPLEXITY OF HARNESSING GAMES WITH PAYMENTS

This article studies how a mechanism designer can influence games by promising payments to the players depending on their mutual choice of strategies. First, we investigate the cost of implementing a desirable behavior and present algorithms to compute this cost. Whereas a mechanism designer can decide efficiently whether strategy profiles can be implemented at no cost at all our complexity analysis indicates that computing an optimal implementation is generally NP-hard. Second, we introduce and analyze the concept of leverage in a game. The leverage captures the benefits that a benevolent or a malicious mechanism designer can achieve by implementing a certain strategy profile region within economic reason, i.e., by taking the implementation cost into account. Mechanism designers can often manipulate games and change the social welfare by a larger extent than the amount of money invested. Unfortunately, computing the leverage turns out to be intractable as well in the general case.