Situational diagnosis of the popular use of medicinal plants in pediatrics

This study aimed to describe the use of medicinal plants for the relief and treatment of pediatrics pathologies performed by parents of children registered in a Basic Health Unit. This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study that occurred from March until May 2016, with the participation of 176 individuals, using a semi-structured questionnaire as a research instrument. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis, using frequency distribution and chi-square test. Among all 177 indications of medicinal use of plants in childhood, considering the plant part and administration method, 61.6% converged with scientific data, 21.5% differed and 16.9% were new indications without a similar record in the literature. These results support the popular use of medicinal plants and show to need for greater awareness about the rational use of phytotherapy and stimulate scientific research, as they bring new elements about the therapeutic potential of different species.

An Ancient Medical Formula on the Liye Qin Slips and the Detoxification Recipe of dijiangshui 地漿水 (“Earth Elixir”) from the Later Ages

This article explains the words zhu （煮）, zhi chuan di 之穿地, and ke 可 on the slips 8-1369 and 8-1937, pointing out the connection between this detoxification formula with a similar record in the Mawangdui silk edition of the *Wushi’er Bingfang. By sorting out the handing down of tujiang and similar detoxification recipes in literature through ages and making a comparison with the formula on the sequence 8-1369+8-1937, we can observe how the recipe has been transmitted.

Remarks from the editor and introduction to the special section of keynote addresses from the 2019 IAPR Conference

These editorial comments acknowledge those who have contributed to the success of the journal, especially through the transition period and our first year with SAGE. This work also serves as a brief introduction to the special section of manuscripts drawn from keynote speeches and invited addresses given at the 2019 International Association for the Psychology of Religion (IAPR) Conference in Gdańsk, Poland. Every other year, the IAPR hosts a conference. While these gatherings feature a variety of special invited keynote addresses, those remarks are often only available for the edification of attendees. For the first time, we are able to present here, in the journal, the texts of the speeches, suitably revised and expanded. Our goal is to provide a similar record of keynote addresses as they occur at future conferences so that the ideas can stimulate conversation and reflection beyond the moment of presentation.

Identifiers as Mechanisms for Linking Archaeological Data across Repositories

Zooarchaeological specimens are the remains of animals, including vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, recovered from, or in association with, archaeological contexts of deposition or surrounding landscapes. The physical scope of zooarchaeological specimens is diverse and includes macro- and micro-zooarchaeological specimens composed of archaeologically preserved bone, shell, exoskeletons, teeth, hair or fur, scales, horns or antlers, as well as geochemical (e.g., isotopes) and biochemical (e.g., ancient DNA) signatures derived from faunal remains. Artifacts and objects created from animal remains, such as bone pins, shell beads, preserved animal hides, are also zooarchaeological specimens. Here we present recent work to utilize identifiers for archaeological samples in new data publishing routines, focusing on key challenges. One critical challenge is that archaeological samples are often composited into different units depending on managers of collections and analysts. Thus, in some cases, when migrating datasets for publication, identifiers can refer to different sets of units, even within the same dataset. Another key challenge is assuring that different repositories can share sample identifiers. We show how Open Context, a site-based archaeology-focused repository that also manages objects such as zooarchaeological material, and VertNet, a specimen-oriented biodiversity repository, have collaborated to share sample identifiers. While this illustrates a success story of linking data across repositories, we discuss the complexity of how “occurrence identifiers,” but not true sample identifiers, in VertNet are propagated to another system where the identifiers point to a similar record called “Animal Bone” in Open Context.

The record 2013 Southern Hemisphere sea-ice extent maximum

Observations of Southern Hemisphere sea ice from passive microwave satellite measurements show that a new record maximum extent of 19.58 x 106 km2 was reached on 30 September 2013; the extent is just over two standard deviations above the 1979-2012 mean and follows a similar record (19.48x 106km2) in 2012. On the record day in 2013, sea-ice extent was greater than the 30 year average (1981-2010) in nearly all Southern Ocean regions. For the year as a whole, Southern Hemisphere sea-ice area and extent were well above average, and numerous monthly and daily records were broken. Analysis of anomaly patterns and the atmospheric and oceanic events suggests that a sequence of regional wind and cold-freshened surface waters is likely responsible for the record maximum and the generally high 2013 extent. In particular, the Ross Sea sector experienced a combination of cold southerly winds associated with the position and depth of the Amundsen Sea low, and lower than normal sea surface temperatures (up to 2°C below normal). The resulting very high anomaly in ice extent in this region was a major component of the overall record maximum.

Chronology, Succession, and Sovereignty: The Politics of Inka Historiography and Its Modern Interpretation

Western scholars have long identified the existence of writing systems as a near-universal characteristic of high civilization, with Tawantinsuyu, the Inka empire, representing the only significant exception.1 Although writing was absent in the pre-Hispanic Andes, there existed the means of recording administrative information and preserving narratives of the past. Inka imperial overseers and specialized record-keepers produced tribute levies, population counts, and assessments of provincial development potential, using a system of knotted cords (a khipu) as their principal device.2 Such records fulfilled bureaucratic and administrative functions that were satisfied in other societies by writing; however, the maintenance of narratives of the Inka past contrasts with these practices in its hybrid use of oral tradition in consultation with similar record keeping devices.

Interglacial and Postglacial Climates: The Pollen Record

Pollen studies of the four European interglacial intervals indicate a strong similarity in vegetational sequence: a pretemperate phase (I) marks the late glacial, early temperate (II) and late temperate (III) phases mark the interglacial proper, and a posttemperate phase (IV) represents the beginning of the next cold period. A grossly similar record is now known for the last interglacial (Sangamon) of central and southeastern United States. The Holocene sequence in both Europe and America are completely typical of the interglacial sequence, although much more is known of the geographic variations.Estimates for the duration of the interglacials range from 10,000 to more than 30,000 yr, according to counts of the annually laminated sediments (organic varves).The Holocene has already run a course of at least 10,000 yr. If it is like earlier interglacials, it will end soon, giving way to gradually developing cold conditions, which may not lead to glacial maxima for tens of thousands of years.

The Inter-American System and the Conference of Chapultepec

The inter-American system, initiated in 1826 at Panama with the First Congress of American States called by Sim6n Bolivar, the Liberator, and definitely established in 1899 by the First International Conference of American States at Washington, has experienced throughout its long history a sound, steady growth. No system of international organization in the world can claim a similar record. In spite of great obstacles encountered at various times, the inter-American system has made continuous progress and has emerged with greater strength after passing through each of its many stages of gradual development.

A Case of Myiasis, due to Calliphora erythrocephala, occurring in Man

The case described in this note is believed to be unique, for no similar record has been found after search of the relevant literature. The subject of myiasis has been carefully reviewed and abstracted by Huber (1899), Umaña (1915) and Bedford (1927), and no cogent references of more recent date have been discovered.