Computational Modelling of Glucose Uptake in the Enterocyte

We describe an implemented model of glucose absorption in the enterocyte, as previously published by Afshar et al. (2019), The model used mechanistic descriptions of all the responsible transporters and was built in the CellML framework. It was validated against published experimental data and implemented in a modular structure which allows each individual transporter to be edited independently from the other transport protein models. The composite model was then used to study the role of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), along with the requirement for the existence of the apical Glut2 transporter, especially in the presence of high luminal glucose loads, in order to enhance the absorption. Here we demonstrate the reproduction of the figures in the original paper by using the associated model. EDITOR'S NOTE (v3): Instructions within the manuscript changed, in order to properly execute the model files. Spelling of author's name corrected in filenames. (v4): Abstract fixes.

Computational Modelling of Glucose Uptake in the Enterocyte

We describe an implemented model of glucose absorption in the enterocyte, as previously published by Afshar et al. Afshar et al. (2019), The model used mechanistic descriptions of all the responsible transporters and was built in the CellML framework. It was validated against published experimental data and implemented in a modular structure which allows each individual transporter to be edited independently from the other transport protein models. The composite model was then used to study the role of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), along with the requirement for the existence of the apical Glut2 transporter, especially in the presence of high luminal glucose loads, in order to enhance the absorption. Here we demonstrate the reproduction of the figures in the original paper by using the associated model. EDITOR'S NOTE (v2): Instructions within the manuscript changed, in order to properly execute the model files. Spelling of author's name corrected in filenames.

Investigation On Stabilization/Solidification Characteristics of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Innovative Composite Model of Cement And Soda Residue

The cement solidification/stabilization method of heavy metal contaminated soils has been promoted in engineering practice and applied on a large scale for site remediation, but it still reveals some scientific problems in the current complex and variable global extreme climate. To solve these problems and explore cement-based soil remediation technology, this study used the waste soda residue produced in large quantities in the "ammonia-soda process" as a composite additive, and established an innovative composite model of cement and soda residue by adding different ratios, which was applied to the remediation experiments of lead-contaminated soil. The innovative composite model solidification/stabilization of cement and soda residue for unconfined compressive strength and toxic leaching properties under different soil environmental conditions were investigated. Moreover, curing and leaching mechanisms are discussed, and future industrial practice was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of soda residue improved the early (20 days) unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the composite curing agent for lead-contaminated soil by an average of 23.1% Mpa. When the percentage of soda residue composite was 40%, the UCS strength was 0.96 Mpa, which reached the maximum. The concentration of Pb2+ in the leachate of the cement-soda residue composite curing agent was greatly reduced (average 3.28 times) compared with that of a single cement in the same situation, with an average leached Pb2+ concentration of 1.87 mg·L-1. This indicates that the addition of alkali residue improved the curing effect. The curing mechanism was divided into four steps, mainly a complex physicochemical reaction between the cement-soda residue composite and soil particles. The leaching mechanism of cement-soda residue to aqueous solution is mainly the consumption of acid ions by alkaline substances. This study will provide scientific data to support potential lead-containing soil in site remediation technologies and future large-scale engineering applications.

A Comprehensive Model Integrating the Stress Sensitivity for Pressure Transient Behavior Study on the Two-Zone System for Offshore Loose Sandstone Reservoirs

Permeability changes in the weakly consolidated sandstone formation, caused by sand migration, has a serious impact on the interpretation of well testing and production prediction. In this article, a two-zone comprehensive model is presented to describe the changes in permeability by integrating the produced sand, stress sensitivity characteristics. In this model, inner zone is modeled as a higher permeability radial reservoir because of the sand migration, while the outer zone is considered as a lower permeability reservoir. Besides, non-Newtonian fluid flow characteristics are considered as threshold pressure gradient in this paper. As a result, this bi-zone comprehensive model is built. The analytical solution to this composite model can be obtained using Laplace transformation, orthogonal transformation, and then the bottomhole pressure in real space can be solved by Stehfest and perturbation inversion techniques. Based on the oilfield cases validated in the oilfield data from the produced sand horizontal well, the flow regimes analysis shows seven flow regimes can be divided in this bi-zone model considering stress sensitive. In addition, the proposed new model is validated by the compassion results of traditional method without the complex factors. Besides, the effect related parameters of stress sensitivity coefficient, skin factor, permeability ratio and sanding radius on the typical curves of well-testing are analyzed. This work introduces two-zone composite model to reflect the variations of permeability caused by the produced sand in the unconsolidated sandstone formation, which can produce great influence on pressure transient behavior. Besides, this paper can also provide a more accurate reference for reservoir engineers in well test interpretation of loose sandstone reservoirs.

The Composition Model in Music: To the Issue of Evolution of Concept

Понятие композиционной модели как структурносемантического прототипа музыкальной формы развивалось и эволюционировало вместе с понятием композиции как эстетической категории и одной из основополагающих категорий художественного творчества. В роли композиционной модели выступает художественный канон или авторский текст; она задается извне или выстраивается по индивидуально разработанному алгоритму; способом ее представления может быть вербализованная система правил, графическая схема или объективированный в звуковой форме образец. С возрастанием значимости в творческом процессе абстрактно-логического мышления область моделируемого внемузыкального неуклонно расширяется: от следования стратегическим законам ораторской речи - к расчетам на основе математических формул, от «биоморфизма» - к «техноморфизму». В статье рассмотрена эволюция понятия композиционной модели на материале сочинений, принадлежащих разным эпохам и стилям: Токкаты из органного триптиха И. С. Баха BWV 564, органной Сонаты № 6 d-moLL из цикла ор. 65 Ф. Мендельсона, Симфонии in C И. Стравинского, Concerto grosso памяти Веберна Ф. Караева и «VOI(REX)» Ф. Леру. The concept of a composite modeL as a structuraLLy semantic prototype of a musicaL form deveLoped and evoLved aLong with the concept of composition as an aesthetic category and one of the fundamentaL categories of artistic creation. The compositionaL modeL is an artistic canon or author's text, it is given from outside or is buiLt according to an individuaLLy deveLoped algorithm, the way in which it is presented can be a verbatim system of ruLes, a graphicaL diagram or an audibLe specimen. With increasing importance in the creative process of abstract and LogicaL thinking, the area of modeLLed extramusicaL is steadiLy expanding: from foLLowing the strategic Laws of oratory speech to caLcuLating on the basis of mathematicaL formuLae, from “bio-morphism” to “techno-morphism.” The articLe considers the evoLution of the concept of the composition modeL on the materiaL of works beLonging to different epochs and styLes: Toccata from the organ triptych I. S. Bach BWV 564, Sonata 6 d-moLL from op. 65 F. MendeLssohn, Symphony in C I. Stravinsky, Concerto grosso in the memory of Webern F. Karaev and “VOI(REX)” F. Leroux.

Integrating Gene Mutation Mutual Exclusion Information Into Radiomics Algorithms to Improve Gene Mutation Prediction in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose Gene mutations are mutually exclusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using EGFR and KRAS as examples, this study aims to assess the significance of mutation mutual exclusion information in the optimization of radiomics algorithms for predicting gene mutation.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 161 NSCLC patients with 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and EGFR and KRAS gene mutation data. Patients were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts. The Pyradiomics toolkit was used for radiomics feature extraction. Based on these features, radiomics score (RS) models were developed for predicting KRAS mutations using the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm. Furthermore, to investigate the value of adding mutation mutual exclusion information, a composite model combining PET/CT RS and EGFR mutation status was developed using logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were calculated for model performance evaluation in the training and test cohorts. To test the generalizability of this optimization method, models for predicting EGFR mutation were established in parallel, with or without adding KRAS gene mutation information.Results Compared with CT, the PET/CT based RS model exhibited higher AUC (KRAS: 0.792 vs 0.426; EGFR: 0.786 vs 0.644). By integrating EGFR mutation information into the PET/CT RS model, the AUC, accuracy, and specificity for predicting KRAS mutations were all elevated in the test cohort (0.928, 0.857, 0.897 vs 0.792, 0.755, 0.769). Conversely, the composite model for predicting EGFR mutations could also be optimized by adding KRAS gene mutation information (AUC, accuracy, and specificity: 0.877, 0.776, 0.700 vs 0.786, 0.694, 0.567). By adding EGFR and KRAS exclusive mutation information, respectively, the composite model corrected 55.4% and 30.7% false positive cases produced by the PET/CT RS model in the test cohort, without sacrificing sensitivity.Conclusion Integrating the mutation status of a known gene is a potential method to optimize radiomics models for predicting another gene mutation. This method may help predict unconventional gene mutations when the second biopsy is clinically difficult to carry out.