An unusual roosting habit of a painted bat (Kerivoula picta) from Sri Lanka

The painted bat, Kerivoula picta (Pallas, 1767) is considered one of the most aesthetically appealing bats in Sri Lanka with bright orange fur and black wings. However, very little information is available with regard to the ecology of this species in both local and global contexts. Of its roosting habits, Phillips (1980) reports that in Sri Lanka the bat is usually found roosting among banana leaves while it has been observed utilising tall grass species and even an abandoned nest of a Baya Weaver (Plocius philippinus) for this purpose. Here we report an observation of the species using a man-made artefact for roosting during the day.

Nest size variability and interspecific nest reuse in Little Crake

In this study, we describe the nest size characteristics and the breeding attempt of Little Crake ( Zapornia parva) in the abandoned nest of Common Coot ( Fulica atra) at the small mid-field pond in the Masurian Lake District, northeast Poland. Based on the 6-year study during five breeding seasons, we found 123 nests of Little Crake, but such an instance was observed only once. To the best of our knowledge, this observation is the first record of the use of the same nest by two species of rallids. We discuss what could force crakes to make such a decision, why this breeding attempt failed and why such instances are so rare in marsh-nesting species. The nest size in mid-field ponds localized in northern Poland was slightly smaller than that recorded in fishponds in the Czech Republic, but larger than the records obtained in lakes in Germany and Russia.

Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus Horsfield, 1821 (Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae) in the dry lowlands of Sri Lanka: distribution, ecology, and threats

<p>The<strong> </strong>Lesser Adjutant <em>Leptoptilos javanicus</em> is a globally threatened species of stork; in Sri Lanka, it is a scarce resident breeder, and the largest bird in the country, yet the population status and ecology of the species is poorly understood. This study tracks the stork’s spatial distribution and habitat use within the island, along with aspects of its ecology. Data was collected via field sampling and questionnaire surveys, over a period of five years across the lowlands of the country. The bird was observed 184 times, with numbers per sighting ranging from 1–17 individuals. The species’ distribution was restricted to dry lowlands (rainfall &lt;2200mm, elevation &lt;300m). The bird showed preference for savannah/woody savannahs, dry mixed evergreen forests, permanent wetlands, and croplands, and was prominently found within protected areas. Lesser Adjutants were generally solitary, except in the driest months of the year (i.e., August–September and March–April), which are probably the two breeding periods of the bird in Sri Lanka. Except for an abandoned nest, no active nest was found. Habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, agricultural intensification, and development projects were identified as potential threats faced by the species, which varied in magnitude across the country.</p><div> </div>

Nest Desertion and Apparent Nest Protection Behavior by Bell's Vireos in Response to Cowbird Parasitism

Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii) deserted 51% of nests parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in central Missouri from 1996–1998. Deserting vireo pairs fledged more host young within a season than pairs that accepted cowbird eggs when only successful nests were considered; parasitized acceptor nests never fledged any vireo young. Vireo pairs that deserted did not always desert parasitized nests. We observed five encounters between female cowbirds and Bell's Vireos at four nests. In one observation the female vireo used nest-protection behavior, which resulted in the cowbird egg appearing beneath the nest; this nest was not deserted. We found a total of eight nests where cowbird eggs remained on the ground below nests, five of which were abandoned. Nest desertion appears to benefit Bell's Vireos by allowing for unparasitized renests, but the stimuli eliciting nest desertion by Bell's Vireos remain in need of further study.Deserción de Nidos y Aparente Comportamiento Protector de Vireo bellii en Respuesta al Parasitismo de Molothrus aterResumen. Individuos de Vireo bellii abandonaron el 51% de los nidos que fueron parasitados por Molothrus ater en el centro de Missouri entre 1996–1998. Las parejas desertoras de V. bellii criaron más juveniles propios por estación que parejas que aceptaron huevos de M. ater cuando solamente se consideraron nidos exitosos; los nidos parasitados aceptados nunca produjeron ningún juvenil de V. bellii. Las parejas desertoras de Vireo no siempre abandonaron nidos parasitados. Observamos cinco encuentros entre hembras de M. ater y de V. bellii en cuatro nidos. En una observación, la hembra de Vireo realizó comportamientos de protección del nido que resultaron en la aparición del huevo de M. ater debajo del nido; este nido no fue abandonado. Encontramos un total de ocho nidos con huevos de M. ater tirados en el suelo debajo de los nidos, cinco de los cuales fueron abandonados. La deserción de nidos parece beneficiar a V. bellii al permitirle re-establecer nidos no parasitados, pero el estímulo que impulsa la deserción de nidos en V. bellii necesita aún ser estudiado.

Reproductive Biology of Sabine's Gull in the Canadian Arctic

We studied the reproductive biology of Sabine's Gulls (Xema sabini) breeding on Southampton Island, in the eastern Canadian Arctic, from May to August in 1998 and 1999, and compared our results to information collected from the same region in 1980. Breeding phenology was 10 days earlier in 1998 than in these other years, and reflects an earlier onset of snowmelt in that year. Nests were dispersed, with a density of 7.6 to 8.7 nests per km2. Sabine's Gulls exhibited strong interannual fidelity to breeding sites. Mean clutch size was lower in 1999 than 1998, and lower in both these years than in 1980. Hatching success was 63% in 1998, but only 21% in 1999 due to increased predation, most likely by arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). Adult gulls and chicks abandoned nest-sites within a few hours of the hatching of the last chick and relocated to coastal ponds, where adults continued to attend chicks. In comparisons of the reproductive biology of Sabine's Gull to closely related “tern-like” gull species and other “black-headed” gulls, Sabine's Gull showed a number of distinct ecological and behavioral differences and represents an ecological outlier within the Laridae.