A critical Study on Roga marga in Ayurveda with Special Reference to Madhyama Roga marga

According to Ayurveda health is having an inseparable relation between tridoshas, sapta dhatus, trimalasmalas srotases and agnis. The normalcy of these components is essential for a healthy life and any alteration or change in the equilibrium of these components will give raise to vyaadi or disease. In our body we have got so many dosha gatis like vriddhikshaya bheda, ashayapakarsha bheda urdhvadhar, tiryak bheda koshta shakha, Marathi sandhi bheda avarna bheda. So because of this we need to study the roga marga in detail for understanding the rogas in a better way so a study have been put forth with the heading “A Study On Roga marga W.S.R. To Madhyama Roga marga” with its role in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment formed the objectives. In this study we have done the Collection, compilation sorting and analysis of various documentations right from Vedic scriptures to the latest dissertations, journals and websites on trividha roga marga were done. After screening through all the literatures collected on the matter we came to a conclusion that there exists lot of similarity between roga marga and srotas. But they seem to be different. Roga marga are the place where roga exists. Khavaigunya when takes place in srotas disease manifests. Different diseases have been included in different roga marga according to the samprapti and the udbhava sthana of the disease. Roga marga is the place where khavaigunya does occur and acts as the point of ignition and directs the samprapti to propagate in a definite manner. So we have concluded the study as the Roga marga plays an important role in the sub clinical and clinical stages of raj samprathi.

Plane Magnetofluiddynamic Flows with Constantly Inclined Magnetic and Velocity Fields

Plane steady state nondissipative compressible fluid flows, in which the conductivity is infinite and in which the magnetic field and the velocity field are constantly inclined to one another, are considered. Sonic flows, and flows for which the velocity is constant along each streamline, are studied and the related results are applied to flows in poly-tropic gases. It is shown that if two distinct incompressible flows have the same streamline pattern, then the flow variables are related in a definite manner. Finally, solutions are obtained for vortex flows and also for parallel flows.

Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Rubber by Infrared Spectroscopy

This report describes an investigation of the applicability of infrared spectro-scopic methods to the quantitative determination of the elastomer composition of industrial rubber products. Generally satisfactory techniques for obtaining a valid spectrum of the elastomer content of any rubber specimen have been developed and evaluated and have been applied to the development of detailed analytical procedures for the identification and qualitative analysis of elastomer mixtures, to the quantitative analysis of natural-GR-S blends, and to the determination of the nitrile content of nitrile copolymers. An accuracy corresponding to ° 1 per cent average error has been obtained in these determinations. The methods can be extended to analogous problems with a minimum of alteration, and the same order of accuracy can be expected in general. A discussion of the correlations between spectral absorption and molecular structure is also included. Infrared spectroscopy is finding increasing application as a means for the identification of organic materials and the analysis of complex mixtures. Spectroscopic methods are not only rapid and generally conservative in sample requirements, but the results are often more specific than those obtained by chemical analysis, distillation, etc., and in many cases furnish detailed structural information of importance to research and development. The advantages of infrared analysis are that : (1) the spectrum of a molecule is a unique physical property which is not altered by any changes in which molecular identity is maintained, and (2) the individual features of the spectrum relate in a definite manner to the chemical bonds comprising the molecule and can thus be interpreted, regardless of the total configuration.

Time Determination and Time Keeping

The rotation of the Earth provides the ultimate standard of time. As the fundamental unit of time we can use either the mean solar day or the sidereal day; these two units are related in a definite manner, so that when one is determined, the other can be inferred. The purpose of any timepiece is to subdivide the day into shorter intervals, and so give the time at any instant. No timepiece will give exact time; the error of the timepiece at some definite instant and the rate of change of that error, or, briefly, the rate, must be determined in order to extrapolate for the correct time at some subsequent instant. The accuracy of the extrapolation will depend upon the uniformity of the rate of the timepiece. Radio time signals sent out from an observatory, which is responsible for the determination and distribution of time, provide the most convenient means for deriving the error and rate of a timepiece. For normal navigational purposes an accuracy of about 0·05 seconds is adequate. But for the purpose of frequency control a very much higher precision is needed—but a precision in time interval rather than in absolute time. Some of the radio-aids to navigation depend upon the accuracy in standardization of frequency, so that high accuracy in time interval has become, indirectly, a navigational requirement.

Variation in plumage response of brown leghorn capons to oestrone I-intramnuscular injection

During a study on the ability of certain synthetic oestrus-producing compounds to induce a sex change in the feather pigmentation of the Brown Leghorn capon (Cook, Dodds, and Greenwood, 1934) it was noted that injections of the same preparation at varying times did not always cause a similar response in the feathers. That such irregular feather responses may be obtained limits the usefulness of the capon test, it was therefore necessary that more should be known of the reaction and an attempt made to determine some, at least, of the factors causing the variation in response. An analysis of our previously collected data on the action of oestrone confirmed the opinion of Lillie and Juhn (1932) that the reactivity of the feathers of test animals varied considerably, but there was no evidence to show whether variable responses to the same stimulus occurred in one and the same individual or, if this were so, whether the changes behaved in a definite manner correlated with a varying environmental factor, such as season for example.

The brain of Gadus, with special reference to the medulla oblongata and its variations according to the feeding habits of different gadidæ—I

In a previous paper (Evans, 1932) we have described the medulla oblongata of the Cyprinidae and have shown that the pattern of the medulla varies according to the habits of feeding, so that it was possible to divide the Cyprinidae into four groups. We propose to attempt a similar study of the Gadidae and it will be found that the pattern varies in a definite manner according to the methods of feeding, and the character of the food. In carrying out this research we are very much indebted to the exhaustive examination of the stomach contents by Cunningham (1896) and more recently by Borley and Thursby-Pelham (1926). Before describing the medulla oblongata in the various members of the Cod family, it is necessary to point out the marked difference in the naked eye appearance of the hind-brains of the Cyprinidae and Gadidae. In Cyprinidae the brain is characterized by the great development of the vagal and facial lobes. The vagal lobes form a pair of large swellings on either side of the rhomboid fossa and embrace between their anterior ends the unpaired facial lobe—a rounded body situated in mid line behind the cerebellum. This “lobus impar” represents apparently “a fusion of the two small facial lobes seen in the Cod” (Goronowitsch, 1897). The dorsal surface of the medulla in the Cod is occupied by a series of swellings that almost entirely close the rhomboid fossa.

The Behaviour of Fluids in Turbulent Motion

The internal motjon of a fluid assumes one or other of two distinct forms; either the elements follow one another in a direct and simple manner, or else they wander about in erratic paths as they progress downstream. In the first kind of motion, called “ regular ” or “ streamline,” the components of the velocity at any selected point are either constant, or vary in a definite manner directly related to the boundary motions. In the second, known as “ turbulent,” these components continually change in an irregular way, which cannot apparently be connected with the regular boundary motions.

Limiting forms of the frequency distribution of the largest or smallest member of a sample

SummaryThe limiting distribution, when n is large, of the greatest or least of a sample of n, must satisfy a functional equation which limits its form to one of two main types. Of these one has, apart from size and position, a single parameter h, while the other is the limit to which it tends when h tends to zero.The appropriate limiting distribution in any case may be found from the manner in which the probability of exceeding any value x tends to zero as x is increased. For the normal distribution the limiting distribution has h = 0.From the normal distribution the limiting distribution is approached with extreme slowness; the final series of forms passed through as the ultimate form is approached may be represented by the series of limiting distributions in which h tends to zero in a definite manner as n increases to infinity.Numerical values are given for the comparison of the actual with the penultimate distributions for samples of 60 to 1000, and of the penultimate with the ultimate distributions for larger samples.

THE RELATION BETWEEN VISUAL ACUITY AND ILLUMINATION

1. Visual acuity varies in a definite manner with the illumination. At low intensities visual acuity increases slowly in proportion to log I; at higher intensities it increases nearly ten times more rapidly in relation to log I; at the highest illuminations it remains constant regardless of the changes in log I. 2. These variations in visual acuity measure the variations in the resolving power of the retina. The retina is a surface composed of discrete rods and cones. Therefore its resolving power depends on the number of elements present in a unit area. The changes in visual acuity then presuppose that the number of elements in the retina is variable. This cannot be true anatomically; therefore it must be assumed functionally. 3. To explain on such a basis the variations of visual acuity, it is postulated that the thresholds of the cones and of the rods are distributed in relation to the illumination in a statistical manner similar to that of other populations. In addition the rods as a whole have thresholds lower than the cones. Then at low intensities the increase in visual acuity depends on the augmentation of the functional rod population which accompanies intensity increase; and at higher intensities the increase in visual acuity depends on the augmentation of the functional cone population. The number of cones per unit foveal area is much greater than the number of rods per unit peripheral area, which accounts for the relative rates of increase of rod and cone visual acuity with intensity. At the highest illuminations all the cones are functional and no increase in visual acuity is possible. 4. If this division into rod visual acuity and cone visual acuity is correct, a completely color-blind person should have only rod visual acuity. It is shown by a study of the data of two such individuals that this is true. 5. The rod and cone threshold distribution has been presented as a purely statistical assumption. It can be shown, however, that it is really a necessary consequence of a photochemical system which has already been used to describe other properties of vision. This system consists of a photosensitive material in reversible relation with its precursors which are its products of decomposition as well. 6. On the basis of these and other data it is shown that a minimal retinal area in the fovea, which can mediate all the steps in such functions as visual acuity, intensity discrimination, and color vision, contains about 540 cones. Certain suggestions with regard to a quantitative mechanism for color vision are then correlated with these findings, and are shown to be in harmony with accurately known phenomena in related fields of physiology.

Theory of Statistical Estimation

It has been pointed out to me that some of the statistical ideas employed in the following investigation have never received a strictly logical definition and analysis. The idea of a frequency curve, for example, evidently implies an infinite hypothetical population distributed in a definite manner; but equally evidently the idea of an infinite hypothetical population requires a more precise logical specification than is contained in that phrase. The same may be said of the intimately connected idea of random sampling. These ideas have grown up in the minds of practical statisticians and lie at the basis especially of recent work; there can be no question of their pragmatic value. It was no part of my original intention to deal with the logical bases of these ideas, but some comments which Dr Burnside has kindly made have convinced me that it may be desirable to set out for criticism the manner in which I believe the logical foundations of these ideas may be established.