Analisis daya saing ubi jalar di kabupaten Karanganyar

Sweet potato is a food crop that is easily found and easy to cultivate, can be used as a substitute good for rice and maize. This study aims to determine the competitive and comparative advantages of sweet potato farming and to analyze government policies and their relation to the competitiveness of sweet potato farming in the Karanganyar district. The data analysis method used is the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. The determination of the sample areas was carried out deliberately in the Tawangmangu, Ngargoyoso, and Jumantono Districts, Karanganyar Regency. The respondents were 60 farmers. The results showed that the private profit was IDR 22,459,017.68 and a PCR value of 0.49, then the social benefit is IDR 71,826,979.74 and a DRCR value of 0.23 which means that the sweet potato commodity also has a competitive and comparative advantage. The output policy parameter consists of an output transfer of –IDR 49,894,031.87 and an NPCO ratio of 0.48, which means output policy has not been effective, indicated by the low domestic sweet potato price. The Input policy parameters consist of an Input transfer value of –IDR 804,269.45, an NPCI ratio of 0.54, and a factor transfer value of IDR 278,199.64, which means Input policy has protection from the government, fertilizer subsidies, and non-tradeable Inputs subject to land tax. The Input-output policy parameters consist of a net transfer of IDR 49,367,962.06, an EPC value of 0.48, and an SRP value of -0.52, which means the Input-output policy has not been provided economic incentives, as a result, farmers spend higher production costs.

ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF DAN KOMPETITIF SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PADA KOMODITAS JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG

The aims of this research are (1) To Analyze the comparative and the competitive advantages of maize in Kabupaten Bengkayang (2) To analyze the impact of the government policy of maize in Kabupaten Bengkayang. The Analyze method use a Policy Analisys Matrix (PAM). The analisys showed that Domestic Resource of Ratio were 0,59 and Private Cost Ratio were 0,81. Both of them are less than one that’s mean the maize had the comparative and competitive advantages. To see the government policy of input can be shown from the Nominal Protection Coefficient on Output (NPCO). To see the government policy of input can been shown from the Nominal Coefficient on Input (NPCI) and factor Transfer. Simultanly the government policy if input and output can be shown from the Effective Protection Coefficient Value (EPC), Profitability Coefficient (PC) and Surplus Ratio to Producer (SRP). The analisys result shown that there is no government policy that have been made to the maize output in Kabupaten Bengkayang, right in buying price subsidiary or protection of actual buying price. The government policy to maize input has been shown to the farmer side, but the subsidiary input price not profitable enough to increasment and development of maize product in Kabupaten Bengkayang if not followed by output price policy.Keyword : Comparative and Competitive Advantages, Policy Analisys Matrix, Maize

Evaluation of environmental pollution effects on domestic roof-harvested rainwater in Southern part of Nigeria using impact indices

The effects of environmental factors, roof materials and age of roof on some metals usually found in Domestic Roof-Harvested Rainwater (DRHRW) from southern Nigeria were investigated. Samples were collected in Ibadan (residential), Lagos (industrial) and Port-Harcourt (gas-flaring). Four roof types (corrugated-iron-sheet, long-span-aluminium, asbestos and step-tiles) and three ages of roof (<5, 5–10 and >10 years in service conditions) were considered. Sample preparations, handling and analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Enrichment-Factor, Transfer-Factor and Pollution-Load-Index were estimated to identify roof polluting severity, rate of transfer of each metal detected into the DRHRW as well as atmospheric contribution to the overall pollution effects observed. Metal enrichment was generally low indicating low metal transfer into DRHRW from the sites. Occasional moderate enrichment was recorded for Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg suggesting their natural presence in the environment. Extremely high enrichment observed for Pb and Cd in industrial and gas-flaring rainwater samples as compared with residential indicated that metal contaminations in these locations are higher compared to residential samples which serve as background. Rate of metal transfer from roof material to rainwater was generally low. Thus, the possible source of the metal contaminants found in DRHRW in the areas investigated was the atmosphere. Mean Pollution-Load-Index of 0.95, 0.99 and 1.06 for rainwater samples in Ibadan, Lagos and Port-Harcourt areas respectively suggested higher pollution load in gas-flaring than residential and industrial regions. Pollution-Load-Index applied to age and roof-type indicated that long-span-aluminium and asbestos roofs that are less than 5 years could contaminate rainwater.