The Effect of Twisted Uterus Caused by Endometriosis or Myomatosis on Reproductive Treatment Outcomes

Objective: Twisted uterus is detected when the body of the uterus is rotated from the cervical canal. This anomaly may be due to different causes, such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis or the presence of both. The study has aimed to compare the effect of the twisted uterus cause in terms of reproductive treatment outcomes. Materials and methods: It consisted of a retrospective study of twisted uterus cases with repeated implantation failure (more than three embryo transfers or four blastocysts transferred unsuccessfully) in our ultrasound department. The twisted uterus was defined when the vaginal probe needed to be rotated to assess the endometrial line thoroughly or when the coronal view was seen by 2D scan. From 2017 to 2020, 879 gynecological ultrasounds were performed. For statistical analysis, we carried out a logistical regression analysis adjusted by confounding factors. Results: From 145 patients included only 92 patients underwent reproductive treatments. With the known cause of uterine torsion. 56 patients with endometriosis, 18 with uterine myoma and the remaining 18 suffered from both. After assisted reproductive treatment, the endometriosis group showed the highest clinical pregnancy rate (53.57%) compared to myoma (22.22%) and endometriosis and myoma (38.89%) groups. Conclusion: Uterine myoma capable of causing uterine torsion may affect embryo implantation more than endometriosis. Prospective randomized studies with a larger number of patients would be needed to confirm these findings.

Estrus detection in dairy cattle: Are vaginal detector probes species-specific to vaginal mucus?

Two separate estrous detector probes, labelled for bovine and swine, were intuitively used to study changes in electrical resistivity of vaginal mucus (ERVm) in 48 Sokoto Gudali cattle (SGC) that were synchronized with double intramuscular injections of prostaglandin F 2 alpha (PGF). The cattle comprised of 32 heifers and 16 cows were randomly assigned into groups A (11-day) and B (12-day) PGF injection intervals, with equal number of heifers and cows. The ERVm was measured between first day (d 0) of PGF injection and d 15. Each injection contained 500 μg Estrumate®. Results showed that the difference in the mean values of ERVm between bovine (267.07±20.81) and swine (256.64±39.41) probes was not significant (p>0.05). Similarly, the differences in ERVm between the bovine and swine probes at 48 h post 1stPGF in all cattle (239.20±5.09 and 231.60±13.53), as well as 48 h post 2nd PGF in 11-day (253.07±5.22 and 224.67±23.45) and 12-day (266.67±25.55 and 233.03±21.96) PGF injection groups were not significant (p>0.05), respectively. In all, 75% of cattle stood to mounting by pen mates and a 75:25 success to failure ratio for evaluating ERVm in cattle with the aid of a swine vaginal probe were obtained. The ERVm pattern also suggests that estrus occurred between 0-72 h post PGF with both probes. It can be concluded that there may be no difference in sensitivity to vaginal mucus between these two probes and that either may be used to evaluate ERVm in the SGC.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON TRANSVAGINAL DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY OF ENDOMETRIUM IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING.

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile and Transvaginal Doppler Sonography findings of endomterium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: Detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all cases of PMB. BMI was calculated. Transvaginal sonography of the uterus and Doppler analysis of the blood flow were performed using vaginal probe at 5-7.5 megahertz. Endometrial thicknesses as well as other pathologies in the cavity were noted. Resistive index was calculated. Results: Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software. One sample statistical methods was used. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. P-value was taken equal to less than 0.05 for significant differences. Conclusions: Highest prevalence of PMB was seen in women with age greater than 50 years. Most of the cases had BMI 20-25 kg/m2. Most of the benign and malignant cases had parity status P3-P4 and P1-P2 respectively. Endometrial thickness of malignant PMB cases was significantly greater than benign PMB cases. Resistive index of malignant PMB women was significantly lower than benign PMB women. Hence, promotion of healthy lifestyles and contraceptives in early reproductive life and awareness for the need of early screening should be recommended to reduce the prevalence of PMB. And early diagnosis and management of post menopausal bleeding are needed for prevention from malignancy. Key words: Postmenopausal Bleeding, Benign, Malignancy, Transvaginal Doppler Sonography.

OB-scene, a Live Audio/Visual Performance for Photoplethysmograph and Female Body

OB-scene is a performance centred on a live sonification of biological data gathered in real-time with a medical vaginal probe (photoplethysmograph), made by the author. The use of the photoplethysmograph, which takes inspiration from the first medical vaginal probes used for diagnostic purposes by Masters and Johnson (1966) introduces a media-archaeological aspect to this work. Data gathered through the probe is processed and transformed into sound and visuals projected in the exhibition space. OB-scene takes inspiration from Jane Bennett’s Vibrant Matter (2010) in which she argues that human agency has echoes in non-human nature and vice versa, shifting away from anthropocentrism towards the concept of ‘vital materiality’ that runs across bodies, both humans and unhuman. Furthermore, OB-scene is affiliated with an emerging movement of women and technology called ‘XenoFeminism’ (XF). It introduces the idea of techno-alienation and focuses on the concept of other/diverse desires, new forms of desiring, experiencing something other (Laboria Cuboniks 2015). In this specific work, this takes the form of a technofeminism incorporating the fluid, the non-human and the diverse. In this performance, the body is fused with the technology, rather than empowered or enhanced by technology itself, body and technology become a unique actant (Latour 2009) enabling the audience to experience the sensorial assemblage as a space for communal experience with political implications. OB-scene is as an immersive environmental work where the senses, affect and memory were key features of ‘assemblage thinking’ (Hamilakis 2017).

Sonographic Folliculometry and Endometrial Echocomplex as an Evidence of Ovulation in Infertility Cases

ABSTRACT Objectives To study the diagnostic accuracy of folliculometry and endometrial echo complex as an evidence of ovulation in infertility. Materials and methods This clinical study was conducted on 100 infertile women. The women were subjected to follicular monitoring by transvaginal sonography (TVS) from cycle day 8 or 10 of menstruation with 7.5 MHz vaginal probe of Siemens ultrasound machine. Evidence of follicular growth, ovulation, and morphology of endometrial echo complex with its thickness was noted. Endometrial biopsy was performed premenstrually as a day care procedure after excluding pregnancy. Results Out of 100 women, 81 cases were with evidence of ovulation on TVS and 68 were confirmed on histopathology. All the studied patients were also evaluated for endometrial thickness on the day of ovulation, echo complex of endometrium suggestive of ovulation was seen in 64 cases, out of these 59 cases were confirmed on histopathology. On histopathological study of 100 cases, we found 69 cases with secretory endometrium, 18 with proliferative endometrium, 10 patients with endometritis, one each with luteal phase defect, irregular shedding of endometrium, and hormonal imbalance. Conclusion We found folliculometry predicted ovulation 86% accurately with a specificity of 58.60% and sensitivity of 98.55%. Similarly, appearance of endometrium predicted ovulation 85% accurately with a specificity of 83.80% and sensitivity of 85.50%. Thus, TVS has undeniable advantages in terms of cost, time, acceptability, risk, convenience, and could easily diagnose signs of ovulation in cases of infertility. The TVS has quintessential role as the first diagnostic modality in patients presenting with infertility. How to cite this article Katiyar S, Arya SB, Goel JK, Sinha M. Sonographic Folliculometry and Endometrial Echocomplex as an Evidence of Ovulation in Infertility Cases. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(4):331-335.

The Evaluation of Bioelectrical Activity of Pelvic Floor Muscles Depending on Probe Location: A Pilot Study

Objectives. The main objective was to determine how the depth of probe placement affects functional and resting bioelectrical activity of the PFM and whether the recorded signal might be dependent on the direction in which the probe is rotated.Participants. The study comprised of healthy, nulliparous women between the ages of 21 and 25.Outcome Measures. Bioelectric activity of the PFM was recorded from four locations of the vagina by surface EMG and vaginal probe.Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the results during functional sEMG activity. During resting sEMG activity, the highest bioelectrical activity of the PFM was observed in the L1 and the lowest in the L4 and a statistically significant difference between the highest and the lowest results of resting sEMG activity was observed (P=0.0043).Conclusion. Different electrodes placement during functional contraction of PFM does not affect the obtained results in sEMG evaluation. In order to diagnose the highest resting activity of PFM the recording plates should be placed toward the anterior vaginal wall and distally from the introitus. However, all of the PFM have similar bioelectrical activity and it seems that these muscles could be treated as a single muscle.