Influence of Carbon Sorbent Quantity on Breakthrough Time in Absorbent Filters for Antismog Half Mask Application

In this article, we present polymer non-woven fabrics with the addition of carbon sorbents being tested to estimate the breakthrough time and efficient protection against vapors present in smog. For this purpose, three substances were selected, which constitute an inhalation hazard and are smog components: cyclohexane, toluene, and sulfur dioxide. It was demonstrated that an increased quantity of carbon sorbent in polymeric filters significantly prolongs the breakthrough time. However, high sorbent quantities may increase the filter surface mass and air flow resistance. To optimize the protective parameters with functionality, a compromise between the two has to be found. By comparing the breakthrough times for different carbon sorbent quantities, the optimal filter composition was elaborated. The analyzed non-woven fabrics were manufactured by the melt-blown process and filled with ball-milled carbon sorbents supplied directly into the fabric blowing nozzle. Both protective performance and textural properties were analyzed for two commercially available carbon sorbents. Furthermore, it was proven that high values of sorbent-specific surface area translates directly into greater filter performance.

Regression models of adsorbing nickel (II) ions by carbon sorbents

The use of inexpensive materials such as sorbents increases the competitive advantages of removing heavy metal ions, including nickel (II) ions, from aqueous solutions and wastewater. Such materials include active carbons – carbon sorbents. The oxidized carbon sorbent AD-05-2 and its original analogue have been used as the object of this research. The oxidation of carbon sorbent AD-05-2 was conducted using a solution of nitric acid and urea following a conventional method. Oxidation resulted in improvement of the textural characteristics of the carbon sorbent. The total pore volume increased, including the volume of micropores, which had a positive effect on the sorption properties of the obtained sample. This article studies the adsorption of nickel (II) ions by the oxidized carbon sorbent AD-05-2 and its original analogue. For both models, the total time of establishing adsorptive equilibrium in the system adsorbate–adsorbent was 4 hours, pH = 9,6, and the range of temperatures – 298–338 K. The obtained experimental data on the nickel (II) ion adsorption are processed in the software package Statgraphics Plus. Adsorption isotherms are described using parabolic regression models, which cover 98.86–99.99% of the experimental data. The adsorption of nickel (II) ions increases with temperature, as indicated by a higher value of the first derivative dA/dCp, apparently, due to accelerated external diffusion. A significant steep rise of the isotherms corresponds to the temperature of 338 K, which indicates the diffusion effect on the adsorption process. The estimates of the accuracy of regression models are provided by the mean square σ and absolute Δ errors. Autocorrelation of experimental data is estimated using Durbin – Watson (DW) test. The obtained regression models can be applied for calculating the optimum parameters of nickel (II) ions’ adsorption from aqueous solutions and process stream using the oxidized carbonic sorbent AD-05-2 and its original analog.

Removal of Various Contaminants by Highly Porous Activated Carbon Sorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste Produced in Malaysia - A Review

This paper aims to review recent studies in preparing activated carbons from different types of agricultural wastes in Malaysia and how it can help Malaysia manage agricultural waste. It can be seen that most biomasses can be used as precursors to produce activated carbon for a wide range of pollutants and this adsorbent can be modified to optimally function depending on the types of pollutants. Under optimum dosages, modification through chemical activation using acidic, basic, or drying agents has significant effects on the selectivity of the analyte adsorption. The acidic activating agent causes the activated carbon to have negatively charged acid groups which enable it to adsorb cationic adsorbate while the basic activating agent causes the adsorbent to have a positive surface charge and enable it to adsorb anionic adsorbate.

Applicability of modified carbon sorbent for removing potentially toxic biologically active molecules of aromatic structure from blood plasma

The modification of the mesoporous carbon sorbent with 3-phenylpropanoic acid was carried out in order to create preparations of complex, prolonged action, exhibiting detoxifying, antibacterial, and antifungal properties due to the applied modifier, which is capable of migrating into the solution and exhibiting its own biospecific properties. A technique was developed for fixing 3-phenylpropionic acid (PhPA) on a carbon support by its adsorption from solution. Three types of sorbents with various content of the modifier (PhPA) and the sorbent without modifier were studied. The sorption activity of new sorbents was studied using liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods on model experiments with plasma and aqueous additives of hydroxylated phenyl-containing acids (PhCAs) in various concentrations. The specific surface area was significantly changed for sorbent, modified with 1 × 10−3 mol/L of PhPA solution, and was 25% less than the area of unmodified sorbent. Potentially toxic biologically active hydroxylated PhCAs were used to create model solutions. The degrees of sorption of these compounds were close to 100%, except phenyllactic acid (over 80%). The sorbent without modifier and two sorbents with the lowest content of the modifier are considered to be more effective for the purification of the plasma from the hydroxylated PhCAs than the sorbent with the highest concentration of the modifier. Simultaneous adsorption of toxic metabolites from the bloodstream and desorption of beneficial ones can be used for a more subtle correction of the patient’s condition.