Gibt es eine Gestalttheorie der Emotionen? Ein Diskussionsvorschlag

An emotional episode consists of psychological, physiological, motor and expressive components that are tied together. Present theories and previous contributions by gestalt theorists to emotions are discussed. It is shown that the synergetic system theory represents a fruitful model for emotional processes, in which self-organisation plays a central role. Also, a selection of neuropsychological findings in this context is taken into account.

Training future engineers in conditions of educational and information environment of a technical university

The study presents the results of exploring the training of future engineering specialists in the conditions of educational and information environment of a technical university, as well as methodological recommendations formulated on the basis of the results obtained. The research assumes that the educational and information environment of a technical university should be designed as an open dynamic and synergetic system, in which future engineers should be given a possibility to design an individual educational trajectory based on the use of educational and information resources and considering the individual psychological capabilities of students. The functioning of the educational and information environment of a technical university provides for a cyclical type of management of professional training of future specialists and adhering to the principle of feedback in student training. The results of the study, in particular a comparison of the levels of competence formation of future engineers in the control and experimental groups at the beginning and end of the study, confirmed the correctness of the hypothesis put forward.

On the historical development of the phonetic system of english: a linguosynergetic approach

The article advances a novel methodological approach to the study of language development, namely a diachronic synergetics. The purpose of the present research is, through disclosing synergetic features of the phonetic system, to reveal heuristic potency and applicability of principles of the synergetic paradigm to language studies. The authors claim that the phonetic system of language possesses synergetic features and it changes according to common principles of development of complex systems. The authors prove that changes in the phonetic system are neither chaotic nor random, since they are preconditioned by the features of the system itself. The theoretical significance of the present research lies in the widening of our knowledge of language as a synergetic system, and of synergetic features of the phonetic system of English, in particular. The obtained data can be fully employed practically into lectures and seminars on the history of English, theoretical phonetics, and historical linguistics.

Synergetic mechanisms of students’ new worldview formation

The authors consider the synergetic approach in psycho-pedagogics. Synergeticsis regarded nowadays as one of the fundamental aspects of the students’ new worldview formation. Teachers’ professional awareness to work in the framework of new tendencies is one more urgent task. Creative and prognostic thinking will help teachers to work with students as self-organizing systems. The proper new original technique and style elaboration will greately contribute to educational process. Such Synergetic mechanisms as openness, nonlinearity; feedback are the leading ones in creating modern terms of teaching and upbringing students, defining them as a super-complexes and unique systems. Synergetics can be of great assistance in creating modern terms of teaching and upbringing students. The synergetic approach is a scientific domain of evolving structurally organized systems, to which the system of professional training of specialists can be referred. This approach creates new possibilities to student’s self-determination in the framework of multidimensionality, complexity, and alternativeness of cognizable processes.It is of great importance to recognize the significant role of randomness in students’ self-development. It is necessary to emphasize that systems including several complex system components that make up an integral synergetic system are actually realized in the conditions of diversity, randomness, spontaneity and unpredictability. The problem is that a future specialist should have the skills and professional mobility to react quickly to the constantly emerging changes in practical and scientific activity. Thus, interdisciplinary integration is one of the most important areas for improving the preparation of students in a modern higher educational institution.

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF OPEN EDUCATION

The paper analyzes the essential characteristics of open education, as the global educational system and determines its tendencies in present conditions; discovers the reasons that influenced upon the process of development of open education. The notion «open education» is treated by foreign scientists differently. For example T. Iiyosh, D. Wiley consider open education as a learning system based on open educational resources and open technologies that provide learning with flexibility and opportunities for open exchange of teaching practices, as well as include new approaches to assessment, accreditation and collaborative learning. The study of the concept of «open education» as a learning system that encompasses resources, tools and methods is presented in the work of G. Siemens. G. Tleuzhanova and A. Khamzina consider this phenomenon as a synergetic system capable of self-development and further interaction with the environment. Therefore it was defined that open education flourished in the results of definite changes of society such as the process of integration, democratization and informatisation of society. Open education with its following characteristics as accessibility, parallelity, modulation, internationalization and coordination and with the usage of new technologies of education gives the opportunity to every person to get the education without data of place of his residence, age, nationality, physical condition. The analyze of scientific literature let us to determine the leading tasks of open education: provide the listeners with the means of access to educational materials; organize the management of educational process which gives the opportunity to inform society about educational questions and raise the effective managing of educational system; raise the level of education and educational services; provide the continual renewing of educational means and technologies for the listeners of open education.

About some models of interaction of social groups

При создании математических моделей социальных процессов возникают такие трудности как отсутствие фундаментальных законов, плохая «измеримость»социальных показателей, сильная разномасштабность – от малых социальных групп до этносов, разнородность и нелинейность изучаемых социальных объектов. Процесс взаимодействия индивидуумов, коллективов и организованных масс есть сложная синергетическая система зависимых переменных и поведение этой системы может резко изменяться при некоторых внешних условиях, приводя к различного рода экстремальным (кризисным) ситуациям, к изменениям в макроскопических масштабах When creating mathematical models of social processes, there are such difficulties as the lack of fundamental laws, poor measurability of social indicators, and a strong diversity of scales – from small social groups to ethnic groups, heterogeneity and non-linearity of the studied social objects. The process of interaction between individuals, collectives and organized masses is a complex synergetic system of dependent variables and the behavior of this system can change dramatically under certain external conditions, leading to various kinds of extreme (crisis) situations, to changes on a macroscopic scale.