Spinors and Minkowski Space

A partly original approach to spinor geometry, showing how a 2-dimensional vector space, without any further assumpions, generates by natural constructions the fundamental algebraic structures needed to deal with spacetime geometry and particles with spin. Several related notions are expressed in a concise, intrinsic form.

Ising Model in Human Social Interaction; The Physics Application Theory in Social Field

Physics as a natural science is very wide. One of the intriguing topics which were so famous in 1925 is the Ising Model. This model describes the interaction of spins in lattices. A spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles. Elementary particles are very tiny which composed a body. In reality, they always interact with each other and their interactions are so complicated. If we connect this phenomenon with social interaction, where all human beings in daily life always interact with each other. This is an extraordinary fact, that not only humans always interact as social creatures, but also elementary particles interact with each other and the environment around them.Keywords: Ising Model, social creatures, interaction AbstrakFisika sebagai ilmu alam sangat luas. Salah satu topik menarik yang sangat terkenal pada tahun 1925 adalah Ising Model. Model ini menggambarkan interaksi spin dalam kisi. Spin adalah bentuk intrinsik dari momentum sudut yang dibawa oleh partikel elementer. Partikel-partikel elementer sangat kecil yang membentuk suatu benda. Pada kenyataannya mereka selalu saling berinteraksi dan intereksinya sangat rumit. Jika kita menghubungkan fenomena ini dengan interaksi sosial, di mana semua manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari selalu saling berinteraksi. Ini adalah fakta yang luar biasa, bahwa tidak hanya manusia selalu berinteraksi sebagai makhluk sosial, tetapi juga partikel elementer berinteraksi satu sama lain dan lingkungan di sekitar mereka.Kata kunci: Ising Model, makhluk sosial, interection

Gales, Streams, and Multipliers: Conceptual Metaphors and Theory Development in Business History

Conceptual metaphors, like Galambos and Amatori’s “entrepreneurial multiplier,” play a pivotal but largely unexamined role in historical interpretation. They do this by allowing historians to see one set of historical associations or relationships in terms of another, more familiar, one. I highlight this interpretive role by comparing Galambos and Amatori’s construct to Joseph Schumpeter’s “gale of creative destruction” and Arthur Cole’s “entrepreneurial stream” as metaphors that attempt to explain the relationship between entrepreneurship and historical change. I also point out the risks that taken-for-granted metaphors can have in narrowing room for interpretation, and argue that reflexivity and playfulness are essential to keeping conceptual metaphors alive as interpretive devices. I conclude by suggesting that metaphors are an intrinsic form of theorizing in historical interpretation, and illustrate my argument by briefly examining “industrial revolution” as a construct in business and economic history.

Calcification and extracellular matrix dysregulation in human postmortem and surgical aortic valves

ObjectivesCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a progressive disease ranging from aortic valve (AoV) sclerosis to AoV stenosis (AS), characterised by severe calcification with impaired leaflet function. Due to the lack of early symptoms, the pathological progression towards valve dysfunction is poorly understood. The early patterns of AoV calcification and altered extracellular matrix (ECM) organisation were analysed in individuals postmortem without clinical AS compared with clinical AS.MethodsHistological patterns of calcification and ECM organisation in postmortem AoV leaflets without clinical AS obtained from a tissue repository and surgical specimens obtained from individuals with clinical AS were compared with in vivo imaging prior to transcatheter AoV implantation.ResultsAoV calcification was detected in all samples from individuals >50 years old, with severity increasing with age, independent of known CAVD risk factors. Two distinct types of calcification were identified: ‘Intrinsic’, primarily found at the leaflet hinge of postmortem leaflets, accompanied by abnormal collagen and proteoglycan deposition; and ‘Nodular’, extending from the middle to the tip regions in more severely affected postmortem leaflets and surgical specimens, associated with increased elastin fragmentation and loss of elastin integrity. Even in the absence of increased thickening, abnormalities in ECM composition were observed in postmortem leaflets without clinical AS and worsen in clinical AS.ConclusionsTwo distinct phenotypes of AoV calcification are apparent. While the ‘nodular’ form is recognised on in vivo imaging and is present with CAVD and valve dysfunction, it is unclear if the ‘intrinsic’ form is pathological or detected on in vivo imaging.

Spin as an intrinsic form of top angular momentum

In quantum mechanics and particle physics, Spin is considered as an intrinsic form of the quantum orbital angular momentum. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that in accordance with the creative original idea of Kronig, Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit, Spin can be represented as an intrinsic form of quantum Spherical Top angular momentum. It will be shown that this internal symmetry can be realized on a set of the simplest geometrical quantities, which themselves do not exhibit this emergent property. That is why this phenomenon will be called Emergent Spin. The concept of Spin as an emergent property is more general than the habitual concept of Spin and, hence, it can be interesting in terms of discussion of possible ways to look for a physics beyond the Standard Model. Now, there is no doubt that new physics really exists and we need clear guidance on the best place to look.

Hamzah Al-Fansuri: A Figure of Malay-Indonesian Philosophical Mysticism and Sufi Literature

This paper discusses Hamzah al-Fansuri and his mysticsm philosophical thought and his sufi literature. His mysticism philosopical thought was very controversial that it raises debates in in his era. One of the hardest figure that attack his mysticism philosophical thought was Nuruddin ar-Raniri. This sunni’s mysticism figure considered al-Fansuri a deviate mysticism, zindiq and mulhid (heathen). Mysticism concept he practiced was the concept of wahdah al-wujud or known as wujudiyah concept, which is mostly affected by Ibnu ‘Arabi. Al-Fansuri’s Wujudiyah concept is a concept stating that wujud (existency) is essentially one, even though it seems a lot. All things that are seen a lot by the sense organ, actually just appearance of a form of existency, Allah. However, al-Fansuri separated it between intrinsic form and inherent form. Inherent form is actually nothing, it can be fana’ at every time, and it does not exist without an essential being. Even though he practiced wujudiyah concept, he is strongly refused ittihad concept (the united of the sufi with God) and hulul concept (God put a place from the body of someone). Meanwhile, his sufi literature has 6 characteristics: 1. He used authorship markers. 2. He quoted a lot of verses of Quran, hadith, and Arabic words. 3. He put his name and nick name in the end of his poetry ties. 4. He used imageries and metaphorical symbolic. 5. He was clever in joining diction with rhythm in a balanced way. 6. He was clever in joining metaphysics sense, logical and sufi aesthetic in his poems.

Catastrophe Comes to Vaudeville

This chapter considers the impact of the Great Mississippi Flood on Vaudeville. It asks: How did actual, brick-and-mortar theaters and people professionally trained to entertain act within this larger realm and moment of theatricality? What was the special function of live theater in a world symbolically saturated by expiating ritual? And what was the role of entertainers who brought their training out of doors into the muck and mire, or who brought their experience of that muck—and its human costs—back onstage? In the spring of 1927, Vaudeville awakened its considerable network to raise money for the Mississippi flood victims. Its powerful but doomed circuit and its intrinsic form represented the public's signature rite of live response to the social and environmental collapse occurring in the Delta.

Intrinsic Time Integration Procedures for Rigid Body Dynamics

The treatment of rotations in rigid body and Cosserat solids dynamics is challenging. In most cases, at some point in the formulation, a parameterization of rotation is introduced and the intrinsic nature of the equations of motions is lost. Typically, this step considerably complicates the form of the equations and increases the order of the nonlinearities. Clearly, it is desirable to bypass parameterization of rotation, leaving the equations of motion in their original, intrinsic form. This has prompted the development of rotationless and intrinsic formulations. This paper focuses on the latter approach. The most famous example of intrinsic formulation is probably Euler’s second law for the motion of a rigid body rotating about an inertial point. This equation involves angular velocities solely, with algebraic nonlinearities of the second-order at most. Unfortunately, this intrinsic equation also suffers serious drawbacks: the angular velocity of the body is computed, but not its orientation, the body is “unaware” of its inertial orientation. This paper presents an alternative approach to the problem by proposing discrete statements of the rotation kinematic compatibility equation, which provide solutions for both rotation tensor and angular velocity without relying on a parameterization of rotation. The formulation is also generalized using the motion formalism, leading to very simple discretized equations of motion.