Data storage using peptide sequences

From the beginning of civilization, the media for storing data have been continuously evolving from such as stone tablets, animal bones and bamboo tablets to paper, with improvements on data density over time. Since the invention of electronics in the last century, the percentage of data stored in digital form has been increasing rapidly to almost 100% recently. Moreover, the amount of data generated has been increasing exponentially, from several ZB in 2008 to an expected 74 ZB in 2021, causing a much increased demand for data storage correspondingly. Most of the digital data are stored in physical media such as hard drives. In addition, many of the data are rarely accessed and are archived on reels of magnetic tapes. However, the physical thickness of the tapes and the size of magnetic domains limit the maximum data density, which is expected to reach a plateau soon. Furthermore, data in old tapes need to be copied onto new tapes regularly, as the magnetic tapes can normally last for ten to twenty years only. This process is time-consuming and expensive. Hence, next-generation media that can store digital data with a much higher data density and durability are needed.Here we report the use of peptide sequences for digital data storage, a method that has not been reported before. The data-bearing peptides are commercially synthesized, and the data retrieval process is described here. As an example, we stored one dataset consists of (i) 848 bits of ASCII formatted text in 40 peptides, and (ii) another dataset consists of 13752 bits of the “silent night” music in MIDI format together with its title in ASCII format in 511 peptides. These files are available in Supplementary Files section.

An Analysis and Example of Use of the GPM Gridded Text Products

<p>This poster provides the design, content and purpose of the<br>Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) gridded text<br>products. Gridded text products at the same time and space resolution are<br>available from the start of the TRMM period in January 1998 through the<br>current GPM data collection period. The poster provides an example of the<br>use of this data product by examining the structure of the Indian monsoon as<br>well as examining the monsoon during El Nino and La Nina periods. It will<br>also look at diurnal precipitation during the Indian monsoon season. As<br>part of the examination of the Indian monsoon using the gridded text<br>product, the poster demonstrates the ease of integration with other data.<br>In this case, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data that is relevant to the Indian monsoon is examined<br>side-by-side with the precipitation data. It further demonstrates the ease<br>of aggregating the daily gridded data across many years while still<br>retaining the hourly structure that enables diurnal studies. The GPM<br>gridded text product is currently the only level 3 GPM product which can<br>be aggregated in this way. The representation of data in ASCII format<br>allows potential users to concentrate on the scientific analysis rather<br>than the physical format of the data. In summary, the poster provides an<br>overview that uses examples to demonstrate the efficacy of this unique GPM<br>data product.</p>

Construction of a surface air temperature series for Qingdao in China for the period 1899 to 2014

We present a homogenized surface air temperature (SAT) time series at 2 m height for the city of Qingdao in China from 1899 to 2014. This series is derived from three data sources: newly digitized and homogenized observations of the German National Meteorological Service from 1899 to 1913, homogenized observation data of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) from 1961 to 2014 and a gridded dataset of Willmott and Matsuura (2012) in Delaware to fill the gap from 1914 to 1960. Based on this new series, long-term trends are described. The SAT in Qingdao has a significant warming trend of 0.11 ± 0.03 ∘C decade−1 during 1899–2014. The coldest period occurred during 1909–1918 and the warmest period occurred during 1999–2008. For the seasonal mean SAT, the most significant warming can be found in spring, followed by winter. The homogenized time series of Qingdao is provided and archived by the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) web page under overseas stations of the Deutsche Seewarte (http://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/overseas_stations/ueberseedoku/doi_qingdao.html) in ASCII format. Users can also freely obtain a short description of the data at https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.5676/DWD/Qing_v1. And the data can be downloaded at http://dwd.de/EN/ourservices/overseas_stations/ueberseedoku/data_qingdao.txt.

Perancangan Aplikasi Email Menggunakan Algoritma Caesar CIPHER dan Base64

Send news or documents into individual or group communication media. The nature of news or documents are also used to be very secret. Increasingly sophisticated technology makes it increasingly easy to send a message or document. For example, in the advancement of the internet many parties that provide email management services, from sending or receiving also in terms of archiving. Convenience offered technology is not no risk. News or documents sent over the Internet are vulnerable to crime. In order for news or document can be up to the recipient safely and intact then takes the role of cryptography. Cryptography is the science to encrypt a message to make it more secure. In this study, using algorithms and Base64 Cipher Caesar. Caesar algorithm is an algorithm that is old and easily. While Base64 using ASCII format. So that the two algorithms can be used as it is complex. As a result, the security level is higher than not using cryptography. The encryption process and decryption not complicated and does not require a long time. If there are those who are not responsible to know the content of news or documents then he should know the key to reading and ensured key that only the sender and receiver know.

In-Depth Research on the File Transformation between DXF&STL

Based on the in-depth analysis of the structure of DXF, STL files, there is lots of code information in entities of the 3D entity information-stored DXF files, which isn’t good for the use of the valuable information, ASCII format of STL files store the normal vector and vertex coordinates as 3D graphics data for storage in a cramped construction, easy for reading. While binary format of STL files store the information in bytes by rules. Take box as an example, and VC++6.0 programming language is used to program the data information, so as to read and display DXF file information, conduct data transformation according to the set of transformation rules, finally realizing the DXF and STL’s file transformation and displaying content, providing convenience for the file data reading of different platforms.

Format Optimization for Periodical Snapshot Output in CFD Simulation

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation often needs to periodically output the intermediate results to files in the form of snapshots for visualization or restart, which seriously impacts the performance. Traditional CFD simulation takes ASCII format with typesetting in the snapshot output process, which results in precision loss of the data in the snapshot array and more storage space occupancy than the original binary format. In this paper, we propose the binary non-typesetting format optimization for the snapshot output in CFD simulation, aiming at eliminating the impact of ASCII format. In our optimization method, the snapshot array is output in binary format without typesetting. On one hand, it reserves the original binary precision in the output files, while the ASCII format always has precision loss, which seriously impacts the accuracy of CFD simulation; On the other hand, non-typesetting provide the opportunity of output the snapshot as a continuous memory block, which will signally improve the efficiency of the output. We design the multiply output mode framework for CFD applications through the combination of ASCII typesetting format and binary non-typesetting format. We implement this multiply output mode framework in the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. Experimental results on Tianhe-2 supercomputer demonstrate that our binary non-typesetting format optimization technique can achieve good optimization effect for the periodical snapshot output in CFD application.

GRAV MAG PRISM: A MATLAB /OCTAVE PROGRAM TO GENERATE GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO RECTANGULAR PRISMATIC BODIES

ABSTRACT. In this paper we present the GRAV MAG PRISM code to generate synthetic gravity and magnetic anomalies from rectangular prismatic bodies with arbitrary dimensions, densities and magnetizations. The code has been developed in a MATLAB/OCTAVE environment and provides a graphical and a numerical output, as well. The data are written in xyz (ASCII) format and can be contaminated with noise. We also summarize the theory and show some examples of the program’s applications. The code can be used for research and educational purposes and is freely-distributed by the authors on request.Keywords: gravity and magnetic anomalies, potential-field modeling, program. RESUMO. Neste trabalho é apresentado o programa GRAV MAG PRISM, o qual gera anomalias de gravidade e magnéticas sintéticas a partir de corpos prismáticos retangulares com dimensões, densidades e magnetizações arbitrárias. O código foi desenvolvido em ambiente MATLAB/OCTAVE, com saídas gráficas e numéricas. Os dados são escritos no formato xyz (ASCII) e podem ser contaminados por ruídos. Neste trabalho também é apresentado um resumo da teoria e alguns exemplos de aplicação do programa. O código acompanha um tutorial e pode ser utilizado para fins educacionais e de pesquisa, sendo de distribuição gratuita através de solicitação aos autores.Palavras-chave: anomalias gravimétricas e magnéticas, modelagem de campos potenciais, programa.