On the Way to an Information System of Russian Transport Networks

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Currently Russia faces great challenges in mapping its large transport system to characterize transport as an important sector of the national economy, as well as the country's place in the system of Eurasian corridors and the economic space of Eurasia as a whole. The Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University has been working on the creation of a spatial database and geo-information support to assess the state and functioning of the transport system of Russia.</p><p>The concept of using a system approach and special geographic research is proposed. This concept includes the workflow from designing the GIS project architecture and database creation to thematic mapping and visualization of results in the form of a Geo-resource. The final goal of the project is creating the Internet geoinformation resource. The practical realization of the Geo-Resource is based on the development of a special mapping application integrated into the structure of the resource and connection of this application to Geo-Database as a main depository of spatial information.</p>

Two-way quantum key distribution in a uniformly distributed quantum space via a special mapping and its analytical security proofs

Within the field of quantum cryptography, two-way direct quantum secure communication is a relatively new proposal for sharing secret information that is not fully explored yet. We propose a general model for two-way deterministic quantum key distribution, and a special mapping from integers to a uniformly distributed quantum space is introduced for qubit pad preparation. A reduced model, more practical, is also proposed by relaxing the security assumption of the qubit pad preparation. The main work of this paper focuses on the security proofs of these two models. Under collective attacks, we fully analyze the security basis of the general model, and, in a relatively simple way, we provide an analytical security proof for the reduced model in a depolarization quantum channel. Our results show exactly the analytical upper-bound of the amount of useful key that a powerful eavesdropper could extract in both models, and the security of the reduced model is not reduced. One advantage of this work is that the special mapping guarantees the random distribution property of the qubit pad in a uniformly distributed quantum space, thus guaranteeing the security of the two models, and the other advantage is the simplicity of the analytical derivations of security proofs.

A NURBS-BEM Application in Continuum Damage Mechanics

In this paper the integral equation approach is used to describe the propagation of continuumdamage in three dimensional solids. The governing equation is of integral type and contains bothboundary and domain integrals. Such integrals are computed with the aid of the NURBS functions.The subvolume involved by the damage is modelled by a special mapping procedure that avoids theuse of the internal cells. The implementation is verified on a test case for which an analytical solutionis available.

A Non-Convex Partition of Unity and Stress Analysis of a Cracked Elastic Medium

A stress analysis using a mesh-free method on a cracked elastic medium needs a partition of unity for a non-convex domain whether it is defined explicitly or implicitly. Constructing such partition of unity is a nontrivial task when we choose to create a partition of unity explicitly. We further extend the idea of the almost everywhere partition of unity and apply it to linear elasticity problem. We use a special mapping to build a partition of unity on a non-convex domain. The partition of unity that we use has a unique feature: the mapped partition of unity has a curved shape in the physical coordinate system. This novel feature is especially useful when the enrichment function has polar form, f(r,θ)=rλg(θ), because we can partition the physical domain in radial and angular directions to perform a highly accurate numerical integration to deal with edge-cracked singularity. The numerical test shows that we obtain a highly accurate result without refining the background mesh.

A DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS IN HYPERBOLIC GROUPS

A description is given for the set of solutions of a quadratic equation in a hyperbolic group. It consists of a finite set of parametric solutions of the equation which generates all solutions by the action of a group which may be interpreted as a special mapping class group of a compact surface.

Vorschlag zur bodenartlichen Kennzeichnung von Wattsedimenten

During a special mapping in the tidal flat of Eastern Frisia the question arose as to how the soils in this area could most suitably be classified and represented on maps (grain size mixtµres). The grouping suggested in this paper is done according to chemical and physical properties of these recent tidal flat sediments. Simultaneously conformity with the soil definitions of the marsh mapping by the „Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung" was tried to be reached. Based on the soil analysis, the most outstanding qualities of tidal flat sediments found here and their relations are being discussed. Furthermore the boundary values for the classification are investigated.