Assessing area, production and return with rice varieties of NRRI, Cuttack

The ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack in Odisha develops varieties and agro-technologies for enhancing and sustaining rice production. The Institute so far has released 133 high-yielding varieties of rice for various ecosystems. Some of the varieties have been very popular among the farmers and even became ruling varieties in some states. However, there are no reports on the area covered by NRRI varieties and its impact on incremental gain in farm income. In the present study, area covered by NRRI varieties in the country during 2017-18 was estimated based on the amount of quality seeds provided to the farmers through various ways: breeder seed indent to the DAC; breeder seed and truthfully-labeled seed supplied by the NRRI farm; participatory seed production by NRRI; seed distributed in various programmes and projects of the Institute; front-line demonstrations and on-farm testing; seed of NRRI varieties supplied by the private entrepreneurs and disseminated from farmers to farmers etc. A validation exercise was conducted to cross-check the estimated areas under NRRI varieties. The analysis showed that currently NRRI varieties cover about 8.0 million ha (Mha) i.e., 18% of rice area of the country. West Bengal has the largest area of 2.26 Mha, followed by Odisha with 2.18 Mha. Total production of rice with NRRI varieties is 27.80 million tons (Mt) with the value of Rs.48,643 crores per annum. Further, incremental production and income with NRRI varieties considering 5% more than the existing popular varieties is estimated to be 1.39 Mt and Rs.2,432 crores per annum, respectively. Over the years, indents of breeder seed (BS) of NRRI varieties have increased considerably indicating growing popularities of NRRI varieties among the farmers in different states.

Assessing area, production and return with rice varieties of NRRI, Cuttack

The ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack in Odisha develops varieties and agro-technologies for enhancing and sustaining rice production. The Institute so far has released 133 high-yielding varieties of rice for various ecosystems. Some of the varieties have been very popular among the farmers and even became ruling varieties in some states. However, there are no reports on the area covered by NRRI varieties and its impact on incremental gain in farm income. In the present study, area covered by NRRI varieties in the country during 2017-18 was estimated based on the amount of quality seeds provided to the farmers through various ways: breeder seed indent to the DAC; breeder seed and truthfully-labeled seed supplied by the NRRI farm; participatory seed production by NRRI; seed distributed in various programmes and projects of the Institute; front-line demonstrations and on-farm testing; seed of NRRI varieties supplied by the private entrepreneurs and disseminated from farmers to farmers etc. A validation exercise was conducted to cross-check the estimated areas under NRRI varieties. The analysis showed that currently NRRI varieties cover about 8.0 million ha (Mha) i.e., 18% of rice area of the country. West Bengal has the largest area of 2.26 Mha, followed by Odisha with 2.18 Mha. Total production of rice with NRRI varieties is 27.80 million tons (Mt) with the value of Rs.48,643 crores per annum. Further, incremental production and income with NRRI varieties considering 5% more than the existing popular varieties is estimated to be 1.39 Mt and Rs.2,432 crores per annum, respectively. Over the years, indents of breeder seed (BS) of NRRI varieties have increased considerably indicating growing popularities of NRRI varieties among the farmers in different states.

Comparative effectiveness of bladder-preserving tri-modality therapy versus radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

418 Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) has historically been considered the standard of care for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). An alternative is tri-modality therapy (TMT), a bladder-sparing approach that often achieves preservation of the native bladder. There are limited randomized data comparing these guideline-recommended approaches but, in appropriately selected patients, both are thought to have similar survival outcomes with different morbidity profiles. Therefore this study compared the effectiveness of TMT and RC using decision-analytic modeling with the primary endpoint of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Methods: We developed a Markov model simulating the lifetime outcomes for 67-year-old patients after definitive treatment for American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical Stage T2-T4aN0M0 MIBC using two strategies: TMT or RC +/- neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Probabilities and utilities were extracted from the literature to determine the incremental effectiveness in QALYs. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: TMT was the most effective strategy with an incremental gain of 1.13 QALYs over RC (8.37 versus 7.24 QALYs, respectively; Table). One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated the model was most sensitive to the quality of life (QoL) parameters (i.e. the utilities) for RC and TMT; TMT was more effective than RC irrespective of the RC utility (the 95% confidence interval of the RC parameter demonstrated an incremental gain with TMT of 0.01 to 4.77 QALYs). The model was relatively less sensitive to the probability of death for either strategy. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that TMT was more effective than RC for 75% of model iterations. Conclusions: Treatment of MIBC with organ-sparing TMT in appropriately-selected patients may result in a gain of over 1 QALY relative to RC. Further prospective investigation into the QoL implications of these treatment modalities is warranted. [Table: see text]