INCIDENCE OF THE MYCOENDOPHYTES FROM CATHERANTHUS ROSEUS – AN ANTICANCER PLANT FROM MAHARASHTRA

The endophytic fungi are one of the most unexplored and diverse group of symbiotic organisms shows great association with higher plants. The production of some essential bioactive compounds from these mycoendophytes plays very important role in development of drugs and results in cure of some types of cancers in human beings as well as in animals. In present investigation Catheranthus roseus has been studied for the occurance of mycoendophytes from Maharashtra and it was found that the plant harbors seven endophytic fungi. Isolation and identification of the mycoendophytes was done by using Foldscope a new invention in microscopy. The foldscope is an optical microscope with small spherical glass lens and resolution upto 140X.The foldscope microscope is invented by Manu Prakash et.al in Stanford university,USA in 2014 . It is clear from the study that all the parts of the Catheranthus roseus show the presence seven mycoendophytes in more or less frequency. In particular mycoendophytes like Aspergillus flavus showed the maximum colonization where as Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger was found less with moderate frequency of Penicillium chrysoginum,Cladosporium cladosporioidis and Alternaria alternata in the roots of Catheranthus roseus. Similaraly, in leaves and stem the colonization of Penicillium notatum was found to be maximum with very less colonization of Cladosporium cladosporioidis,Penicillium chrysoginum and Aspergillus flavus. These organs showed the moderate growth of Alternaria alternate.

Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Metabolic Disorders by M-CHAT R/F

Background no exact cause can be defined for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but, recent studies proved a great association between the presence of ASD symptoms and different metabolic disorders which provides a great consideration in diagnosis and treatment of children with ASD. Aim of the Work is to detect the prevalence of ASD among children with metabolic disorders using M-CHAT-R/F as a screening tool. Patients and Methods An analytical (observational) cross sectional research design. The subjects of this study comprised a convenient sample of 100 children diagnosed as having Metabolic Disorders with age range between (16-30) months. The validated Arabic version of Modified Checklist of Autism- Revised and Follow up (M-CHAT R/F) was applied for all children. Results screening of 100 children with unequal distribution among 13 types of metabolic disorders for ASD by use of M-CHAT-R/F found 22% had low risk (safe), 58% had moderate risk and 20% had high risk. Conclusion children with metabolic disorders are at a high risk for ASD. Early detection of these cases provides early intervention and better outcome.

Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol, and 4-Nitrophenol on Activated Carbon Obtained from Eucalyptus Seed

Activated carbons from shell eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) were prepared by chemical activation through impregnation with solutions of two activators: sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, the surface areas for activated carbons with base were 780 and 670 m2 g−1and the solids activated with acid were 150 and 80 m2 g−1. These were applying in adsorption of priority pollutants: phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution. Activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity has values of 2.12, 2.57, and 3.89 on phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol, respectively, and was activated with base. In general, all carbons adsorption capacity was given in the following order: 4-chlorophenol > 4-nitrophenol > phenol. Adsorption isotherms of phenols on activated carbons were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radusckevisch-Kanager models, finding great association between them and experimental data. A thermodynamic study was performed, the exothermic nature and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process were confirmed, and the favorability of adsorption on activated carbons with NaOH was confirmed by energy relations and concluded that the adsorption process of phenolic compounds from the activated carbon obtained is physical. The pH of solutions and pH at point of zero charge of the solid play an important role in the adsorption process.

Facing the New Decade

To have been elected to the presidency of this great Association of men and women of good will, of knowledge, talent, and rare discrimination, constituting what is probably the biggest congeries of first-class brains in this country, is the crowning honor of any teacher's career and an awe-inspiring experience. Your president for 1960, as he prepares to vanish into oblivion after his one address in sovereign capacity, first wishes to express his gratitude to those who selected him, and his apologies for the pretentious title announced. In this country, from the beginning and throughout her entire history, action has prevailed. Yet the nation has never showed much aversion for words. Politicians, preachers, college presidents, generals, men of affairs spreading relaxation through warmed up after-dinner anecdotes, members of those faculty committees to whom, in these days of trial and error and perseverance in error, the Almighty seems to have relinquished the running of the world, all indulge their propensity for eloquence. Those whom Homer might have called the shepherds of people, in Moscow and Havana and equatorial Africa, strike back at our garrulous nation with massive retaliation. Torrents of words may flow in the sumptuous hotels where our Association once a year congregates late in December (just before the inebriating vigil through which we shall pray for a virgin year to wash out our unfulfilled promises and our harrowing regrets over unwritten articles). But your President is severely restrained by the petrifying gaze of the Executive Secretary, and prevented by tradition from falling back upon the worthiest of all themes for any academic address: the eulogy of his predecessor. His predecessor, whose steel whip sheathed in velvety skin had long guided this Association, is comfortably assured of immortality as it is. An in domitable Samson Agonistes whom no Delilah or Pamela can ever betray, he hardly needs our words of gratitude, however deeply felt, to pursue his wrestling, in Washington, with the “innumerable force of spirits armed / that durst dislike” the power of foreign languages in the dubious battle now raging on our planet.

The Development of the Care of the Insane in Scotland

My first duty is to thank you most sincerely for the great honour you have done me in electing me to the Presidential Chair of this great Association, which, in its ninety years of existence, has numbered among its Presidents so many illustrious pioneers of progress in the world of psychiatry. Fully conscious of my limita tions, .1 deeply appreciate the honour, and will endeavour, during my term of office, to fulfil to the best of my ability the responsible duties laid upon me.

Some Reflections on the Progress of Psychiatry

Ladies and Gentlemen,—I rise, as your President, with a feeling of what the older physicians called præcordial anxiety, chiefly because I am not a teacher of psychiatry, but merely a clinical physician, and therefore possibly may have no real mandate from the gods to address you, except that which I owe to the kindly hearts of my fellow members of our great Association. Whatever work I have done in Ireland in helping to keep alive our interests in psychiatry you have bounteously rewarded, and I heartily thank you, on my own behalf, and also on behalf of the Irish Division, for the great honour you have conferred upon me. The old Shakespearian tag says: “Some are born great, and some achieve greatness,” but I assuredly have had this “greatness thrust upon me.” It is difficult, all must admit, to leave “footprints in the sands of Time,” and, to one who succeeds such men as Conolly Norman, Dawson and Nolan—all Irish Presidents—the task is not easy. The older members will easily remember Sir Thomas Clouston, Dr. Urquhart, of Perth, Sir George Savage, and many others who have kept alive the knowledge of psychiatry and amply added to it, and we, who speak to you in, possibly, “childhood's treble tones,” and look at you through the oncoming “silvery fringes of the ‘arcus senilis,’” can only feel that the good work of clinical psychiatry will be carried on, in the curative interests of God's mentally afflicted, as it has been done in the past; and it will, I feel sure, be effectually perfected in the future by the younger members of to-day, graced with the present-day knowledge of biochemistry and the more modern methods of psycho-therapy.

The Presidential Address on the Relation between the Geographical Distribution of Insanity and that of Certain Social and other Conditions in Ireland, delivered at the Seventieth Annual Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, held in Dublin, on July 13th and 14th, 1911

Gentlemen,—My first duty, which is also a pleasure, is that of thanking you, as I do most warmly, for the honour you have conferred upon me in electing me to preside for a season over this great Association, a position which may well be called the blue ribbon of our department of medicine, rendered illustrious as it is by the names of great men who have held the office in the past. My only regret has been that in accepting it I replace one whom we should all gladly have seen in this chair, one whose enforced retirement cannot be alluded to without a feeling of loss, though we rejoice that his health is so far restored as to enable him to be amongst us to-day. For the rest, I am happy to echo the sentiment expressed by Dr. Macpherson a year ago, and to welcome my election as a token that the interests, aims and aspirations of the departments which preside over the lunacy administration of these countries are recognised as identical with those of all the other members of this Association—that, in fact, we all form one great body, united by devotion to as lofty an object as can animate the members of any merely human society.