EXTRACTION MECHANIZATION OF SOFT SOILS

The state economic development is largely determined by the effectiveness of its individual structural elements. Among them, a special place is occupied by trends in the mineral sector, which dictates the requirements and mechanisms for the development of natural resources, creating the basis for a national strategy. However in this area there are a number of unsolved problems, which include: a low level of rational use of machine-technological mining systems from under the water with minimal man-made impact. The authors consider existing and alternative extraction methods of peat raw materials. The tasks facing the mineral resource sector can be solved through technological priority developments of aggregated extraction complexes for the peat raw materials and the equipment modernization for mining complexes. The analysis is carried out and recommendations are made for the working equipment modernization of the aggregated mining complex. Variants of the excavator excavation bucket for the extraction of peat raw materials from under water have been proposed. The results of studies on primary dehydration, combining mining and dewatering cycles in a bucket, are presented; the work gives the recommendations on the bucket use and the expediency of operating the mining machine's extraction body when extracting peat raw materials.

Development of a mathematical model for the process of modernization of a melon cleaning machine

The paper is devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of melon processing under limited production automation. Measures for equipment modernization should be carried out in accordance with the operation rules of each individual unit. In production conditions, all equipment, without exception, undergoes this process, while the corresponding documentation is drawn up, confirming the implementation of modernization within a certain time frame. In a competitive market environment, product quality is a causal factor for the sharp increase in risks for food industry enterprises. To produce quality and competitive products, you need equipment that helps to reduce costs. The disadvantages of most melon peeling designs are size instability in the thickness of the rind. The paper presents a solution to this drawback. This was achieved by changing the sharpening angle of the rind cutting knife. Research has been carried out to study the texture properties of “Mirzachulskaya” and “Raduzhnaya” melons. And also experiments on melon peeling based on the planning matrix of mathematical modeling. Based on the experiments, a model of the peeling process was constructed. The key factors to limit peeling waste were optimized. Calculations of the optimized parameters yielded the cutting knife sharpening angle of 40 degrees, a roller gap of 9 mm, as well as an average force applied of 1,375 N∙m. The data obtained can be used as a basis for the modernization of this machine for other melon varieties

IDENTIFICATION OF COMPETITIVE ECONOMIC SECTORS IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC WITH THE HELP OF INDUSTRIES RANKING

The article assessed the attractiveness of the industry of the Chuvash Republic to form a strategy for the competitiveness of the industry. The calculations used indicators such as: settled financial result (profit-loss), the level of profitability of sold goods, products (works, services). It was concluded that the most cost-effective industries where the efficiency of the use of material, labor and monetary resources is highest are manufacturing. Based on the data, priority development industries have been identified that have the best positions in the sum of places in the Chuvash Republic: food production; production of chemicals and chemical products; paper and paper products; production of chemicals and chemical products; production of computers, electronic and optical products; production of electrical equipment. Recommendations are given to increase the competitiveness of the region's industry by creating regional clusters. In the Chuvash Republic, clusters can be created in the following sectors: manufacturing, including the production of electrical equipment, textile and clothing production; chemical production. At the initial stage, the cluster cannot exist without the support of the authorities. State assistance is needed for the implementation of projects of cluster members in the development of innovations, equipment modernization, and in improving the skills of workers. Therefore, the formation of clusters should be among the strategic tasks of the region, as it affects the economic development of the region and leads to the development of a strategy for introducing innovations in industries.

Rusty guns and buttery soldiers: unemployment and the domestic origins of defense spending

Scholars and practitioners continue to debate transatlantic burden sharing, which has implications for broader questions of collective action and international organizations. Little research, however, has analyzed domestic and institutional drivers of burden-sharing behavior; even less has disaggregated defense spending to measure burden sharing more precisely. This paper enhances understanding of the relationship between national political economies and burden shifting, operationalizing burden shifting as the extent to which a country limits or decreases defense expenditures, while at the same time favoring personnel over equipment modernization and readiness in the composition of defense budgets. Why do countries choose to allocate defense resources to personnel, rather than equipment modernization? I find that governments slightly decrease top-line defense spending in response to unemployment while shifting much more substantial amounts within defense budgets from equipment expenditures into personnel. This research highlights the intimate connection between Europe’s economic fortunes, transatlantic security, and burden sharing in North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union – of particular interest as a pandemic buffets the transatlantic economy. It also points policy analysts toward factors more amenable to political decisions than the structural variables generally associated with burden sharing, bridging significant gaps between defense economics, security studies, and comparative political economy.

The Impact of Urbanization on Atmospheric Pollution in Russian Regions

The study discusses the impact of urbanization on the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere in Russian regions in 2001– 2018 based on the data from the Federal State Statistics Service. The regions are divided into two groups by export activity, to determine the impact of urbanization on air pollution taking into account regional specialization. The study also tests the hypothesis that the costs of innovation play a role in the process of urbanization. Methodologically, the study relies on econometric methods based on the panel data. The results show that a rise in the level of urbanization, calculated as a proportion of the urban population, increases the level of pollutant emissions, regardless of which group the region falls into. The increased costs of technological innovations, on the contrary, lead to a reduction in the volume of emissions, which means that it is necessary to stimulate companies to invest more in equipment modernization. The results of the research can be useful for regional policy-makers.

Extraction mechanization of soft soils

The state economic development is largely determined by the effectiveness of its individual structural elements. Among them, a special place is occupied by trends in the mineral sector, which dictates the requirements and mechanisms for the development of natural resources, creating the basis for a national strategy. However in this area there are a number of unsolved problems, which include: a low level of rational use of machine-technological mining systems from under the water with minimal man-made impact. The authors consider existing and alternative extraction methods of peat raw materials. The tasks facing the mineral re-source sector can be solved through technological priority developments of aggregated extraction complexes for the peat raw materials and the equipment modernization for mining complexes. The analysis is carried out and recommendations are made for the working equipment modernization of the aggregated mining complex. Variants of the excavator excavation bucket for the extraction of peat raw materials from under water have been proposed. The results of studies on primary dehydration, combining mining and dewatering cycles in a bucket, are presented; the work gives the recommendations on the bucket use and the expediency of operating the mining machine's extraction body when extracting peat raw materials.

Mathematical Modeling of Production Processes of Discrete Machine-Building Enterprises Based on the Interaction of Simulation Systems and Operational Planning Systems

Analysis of production systems (PS) of discrete multi-nomenclature machine-building enterprises is a complex task, its solution is necessary to support decision-making during technical re-equipment, modernization or technological preparation of production. The paper shows a concept of joint use of operational scheduling systems and simulation modeling systems to improve the efficiency and adequacy of PS analysis. The problem of determining the deviation of the planned state of the PS from the simulated state and evaluating the level of stability and stability of the PS behaviour on its basis is considered. It is revealed that the proposed approach allows us to more adequately determine the timing of the production program, assess the stability of the PS behaviour when using various planning logics and algorithms, and choose the best one for subsequent use in a real PS.

Comprehensive solving tasks of deep processing of titanium-magnetite ores

Despite the plants of the Ural region have significant mining capacities, they are buying raw materials from other regions, therefore the task of wastes minimization is a perspective of supporting their raw materials base. A technology was proposed to increase the quality of titanium-magnetite concentrate, comprising dividing of the ore into two technological grades – a rich and a poor ones following separate crushing and concentration of the grades at separate sections. Due to this technological scheme, the ore is divided into easy-concentrated and hard-concentrated grades at the concentration stage, but not at the stages of preparation to development, mining, transporting and crushing. The advantage of the new technology is the relative simplicity of equipment modernization, since the technological scheme of the ore processing is modified only at the concentration plant. Under laboratory conditions, an iron-vanadium concentrate with iron content of 67.1% and vanadium pentoxide of 0.6% was obtained.