Easy Communication System as A Mediation of The Influence of Whatsapp Business on Consumer Purchase Intention on The Marketplace

Marketing using social media is a necessity in the era of industrial technology 4.0. This research problem is a business phenomenon and gap research. The purpose of this study is to analyze; 1. the direct influence of business WhatsApp on purchase intention in the marketplace. 2. the influence of business WhatsApp on the ease of communication system in the marketplace. Three, the influence of the ease of communication system on consumer purchase intentions in the marketplace. 4. the influence of business WhatsApp on purchase intentions on the marketplace mediated by the ease of communication systems on the marketplace The unit of analysis of this research is Sri Rejeki, and Seruni SMEs, a sample of 60 consumers, accidental sampling technique, data collection using a questionnaire (google form), testing the validity and reliability of indicator statement items, data analysis technique used is path analysis with the SPSS program. The results show that WhatsApp Bisnis has no direct and insignificant effect on consumers' purchase intentions. WhatsApp Business has a positive and significant effect on the ease of system communication has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intentions. WhatsApp Business has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intentions mediated by the ease of communication system. The novelty of this research is to create an ease of communication system to increase consumer purchase intentions in the marketplace. Ease of communication is a mediation between the influence of WhatsApp business on purchase intentions on the marketplace so that the ease of communication is an important variable that needs to be improved so that consumers intend to use the marketplace in purchasing products. The ease of communication is related to the ease of using the application, the ease of alternative transactions, and the design of a simple order form. This is hope for consumers to use the marketplace. Contribution of marketplace training to MSMEs and community business actors.

The Process of Stellar Tidal Disruption by Supermassive Black Holes

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are among the brightest transients in the optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray sky. These flares are set into motion when a star is torn apart by the tidal field of a massive black hole, triggering a chain of events which is – so far – incompletely understood. However, the disruption process has been studied extensively for almost half a century, and unlike the later stages of a TDE, our understanding of the disruption itself is reasonably well converged. In this Chapter, we review both analytical and numerical models for stellar tidal disruption. Starting with relatively simple, order-of-magnitude physics, we review models of increasing sophistication, the semi-analytic “affine formalism,” hydrodynamic simulations of the disruption of polytropic stars, and the most recent hydrodynamic results concerning the disruption of realistic stellar models. Our review surveys the immediate aftermath of disruption in both typical and more unusual TDEs, exploring how the fate of the tidal debris changes if one considers non-main sequence stars, deeply penetrating tidal encounters, binary star systems, and sub-parabolic orbits. The stellar tidal disruption process provides the initial conditions needed to model the formation of accretion flows around quiescent massive black holes, and in some cases may also lead to directly observable emission, for example via shock breakout, gravitational waves or runaway nuclear fusion in deeply plunging TDEs.

Pemerolehan Bahasa Indonesia Anak Usia 2,5 Tahun Dalam Kajian Fonologi, Morfologi, dan Sintaksis

This paper aims to study and describe the language acquisition system from the age of 2 years 3months to the age of 2 years 6 months, specifically covering phonology, morphology, and syntax. The research method used in this study is qualitative method by studying case study. After analyzing the acquisition of language in Syafiq, starting from the acquisition of phonological, morphological, and syntactic obtained: 1. A normal child can be used as phonemes, and limited words according to the environment and the objecs that are around it. Besides that, the words that came out were still fragmented and the words were still slipped. 2. The words produced have started to increase and star from nouns and verbs. The development of the treasury has begun with abstract nouns. While nouns and verbs are also obtained due to the repetition of the acquisition of friends, brothers, or parents. 3. Syafiq was able to compose simple words, ranging from one, two to three words, and finally make sentences. Simple sentences that are spoken are still completed in a simple order and not yet finished. It is also undeniable that a normal child will be able to acquire first language when his nerves and brain tissue are not difficult during his growing period. Psychological and nutritional development also environment plays an important role in children’s motoric growth.

Adaptive critical value for constrained likelihood ratio testing

Summary We present a new general method for constrained likelihood ratio testing which, when few constraints are violated, improves upon the existing approach in the literature that compares the likelihood ratio with the quantile of a mixture of chi-squared distributions; the improvement is in terms of both simplicity and power. The proposed method compares the constrained likelihood ratio statistic against the quantile of only one chi-squared random variable with data-dependent degrees of freedom. The new test is shown to have a valid exact significance level $\alpha$. It also has more power than the classical approach against alternatives for which the number of violations is not large. We provide more details for testing a simple order $\mu_1\leqslant\cdots\leqslant\mu_p$ against all alternatives using the proposed approach and give clear guidelines as to when the new method would be advantageous. A simulation study suggests that for testing a simple order, the new approach is more powerful in many scenarios than the existing method that uses a mixture of chi-squared variables. We illustrate the results of our adaptive procedure using real data on the liquidity preference hypothesis.

Modelling fast geomagnetic reversals

<div> <p>Field reversals are some of the most prominent and commonly known temporal variations of the geomagnetic field. Polarity changes have been observed in seafloor magnetisation patterns, volcanic records, sediment sequences, speleothem records, and have been reported in geodynamo simulations. However, many open questions remain concerning the phenomenology and underlying causes of this process and whether precursory signals can be detected prior to a reversal. In particular, there is currently no scientific consensus regarding the temporal scales over which geomagnetic reversals occur. Simple order-of-magnitude arguments suggest that the geomagnetic field might reverse over the magnetic diffusion timescale, which for the Earth’s outer core is on the order of tens of thousands of years; numerical simulations aimed at understanding Earth’s million-year evolution have predicted a time scale on the order of thousands of years. On the other hand, analysis of a lacustrine sequence in the central Italian Appennines suggests that the most recent geomagnetic reversal (the Matuyama-Brunhes transition) took place around 786,000 years ago in as short as 13 years [Sagnotti, L. et al. (2015). GJI, 204(2), 798-812.]. This extremely short decadal time scale challenges our current understanding of the geodynamo and present-day numerical models.  </p> </div><div> <p>Here we attempt to answer the question: how fast can the axial dipole component of the geomagnetic field to reduce to zero during a magnetic reversal?  To do so, we derive fluid flows at the top of Earth’s outer core that optimise the rate of dipole decay, subject to a minimal number of physical ingredients. Specifically, we neglect the internal dynamics and prescribe a total flow kinetic energy that is consistent with observational bounds. This technique, previously employed for the study of paleomagnetic intensity spikes, is extremely versatile and allows us to explore a wide range of hypotheses concerning the flow geometry, its complexity, and the configuration of the geomagnetic field prior to the onset of the reversal. Although the resulting flows may not be physically realisable, this technique provides justified bounds on the fastest plausible polarity reversal time scale. </p> </div>

The power of informative hypotheses

Researchers can express expectations regarding the ordering of group means in simple order constrained hypotheses, for example $H_i: \mu_1>\mu_2>\mu_3$, $H_c: \text{ not } H_i$, and $H_{i'}:\mu_3>\mu_2>\mu_1$. They can compare these hypotheses by means of a Bayes factor, the relative evidence for two hypotheses. The required sample size for a hypothesis test can depend on the desired level of unconditional error probabilities (Type I and Type II error probabilities), or the conditional error probabilities (the level of evidence). This article presents four approaches for sample size determination, that make use of both conditional and unconditional error probabilities. Simulations were performed to determine the sample size such that error probabilities are acceptably low or expected evidence is acceptably strong. The required sample size is lower if $H_{i}$ is evaluated against $H_{i'}$ than when it is evaluated against $H_c$. Thus, specifying what orderings of means are expected or are of interest decreases the required sample size. Second, the required sample sizes differ over the four approaches. The sample size tables are illustrated with example research questions. The choice for an approach is, among others, dependent on the type of conclusion a researcher wants to obtain. A decision tree is provided to guide researchers to the appropriate approach. Applied researchers can use the decision tree and the tables presented to determine the required sample size for their research or use R code and associated manual provided in this paper.

Extended SAC: A Review on DC and SAC of 4-bit BFs and S-Boxes and a New Algorithm on DC of S-Boxes based on Various Types of SAC including the Extended Higher Order SAC

Bitwise-Xor of two 4-bit patterns is the 4-bit difference between them which carries useful information in Cryptography. The method to analyze cryptographic ciphering algorithms or 4-bit Substitution boxes (S-boxes) with 4-bit differences is known as Differential Cryptanalysis (DC). An analysis of DC of 4-bit bijective Crypto S-boxes based on Differential Distribution Table (DDT) is reviewed including the Strict Avalanche Criteria (SAC) of 4-bit BFs and corresponding S-Boxes categorizing SAC in two orders, namely Simple Order (SO) and Higher Order (HO). A new algorithm of adding an extension of HO-SAC is proposed and considering the comprehensive SAC, which considers SO-SAC, HO-SAC and extended HO-SAC together, the properties of whole set of 65536 4-bit BFs including the comprehensive SAC are analyzed. Another new algorithm to analyze comprehensive SAC properties of 4-bit S-boxes is elaborated based on Differential Analysis Table (DAT) which turns out to be a better tool than DDT in analyzing DC of 4-bit S-boxes.