‘[Cyber]bullying is too strong a word…’: Parental accounts of their children's experiences of online conflict and relational aggression

The problem of cyberbullying has been the subject of considerable media attention in Australia and has been framed as a crisis threatening the wellbeing of Australian youth, provoking a comprehensive policy and legislative response to the problem. Definitions of cyberbullying, however, remain contested and there is a lack of nuance in public debates about cyberbullying. This article draws on interviews and focus groups with forty Australian parents to determine parents’ anxieties, perspectives, and experiences in relation to cyberbullying, a perspective that has remained relatively under explored. This study found that while online conflict, exclusion and relational aggression appear common amongst young people, parents in this study eschewed the term cyberbullying, instead characterising negative online peer interactions as part of ‘normal’ child development. This paper demonstrates that a more nuanced understanding of negative online behaviours is needed. The findings have particular relevance to policy makers and organisations tasked with addressing cyberbullying.

Percepções de puérperas sobre a assistência ao parto normal humanizado

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção de puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade pública do Nordeste Brasileiro quanto ao parto humanizado. Estudo qualitativo realizado entre abril e maio de 2019, por meio de entrevista, com 16 puérperas internadas em unidade hospitalar que tiveram parto normal. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin e emergiram quatro categorias: Compreensão das puérperas quanto ao parto humanizado; Momento de parir; Assistência recebida pelos profissionais e Apoio ao nascimento: importância do acompanhante. A humanização do parto é um tema que ainda precisa ser esclarecido entre as gestantes, e o parto configura-se como um momento de dor e satisfação ao ver o filho. A assistência recebida durante o trabalho de parto e parto foi descrita como acolhedora, porém, ainda prevalecem práticas que devem ser desencorajadas. A presença do acompanhante é essencial, bem como a capacitação dos profissionais sobre o tema da humanização do parto.Descritores: Parto humanizado, Assistência, Emoções. Perceptions of people about humanized normal child careAbstract: The objective was to know the perception of puerperal women attended in a public maternity hospital in Northeastern Brazil regarding humanized delivery. Qualitative study conducted between April and May 2019, through an interview, with 16 puerperal women hospitalized in a hospital unit who had normal delivery. Bardin's content analysis was used and four categories emerged: Understanding the puerperal women regarding humanized delivery; Time to give birth; Assistance received by professionals and Support at birth: importance of the companion. The humanization of childbirth is a theme that still needs to be clarified among pregnant women, and childbirth is a moment of pain and satisfaction when seeing the child. The care received during labor and delivery was described as welcoming, but practices still prevail that should be discouraged. The presence of the companion is essential, as well as the training of professionals on the theme of humanization of childbirth.Descriptors: Humanizing Delivery, Care, Emotions. Percepciones de las personas sobre el cuidado niño normal humanizadoResumen: El objetivo era conocer la percepción de las mujeres puerperales atendidas en un hospital público de maternidad en el noreste de Brasil con respecto al parto humanizado. Estudio cualitativo realizado entre abril y mayo de 2019, a través de una entrevista, con 16 mujeres puerperales ingresadas en una unidad hospitalaria que tuvieron un parto normal. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido de Bardin y surgieron cuatro categorías: comprensión de las mujeres puerperales con respecto al parto humanizado; Momento de dar a luz; Asistencia recibida por profesionales y atención al parto: importancia de la acompañante. La humanización del parto es un tema que aún debe aclararse entre las mujeres embarazadas, y el parto se configura como un momento de dolor y satisfacción al ver al niño. La asistencia recibida durante el parto y el parto se describió como bienvenida, sin embargo, las prácticas que deberían desalentarse aún prevalecen. la presencia de una acompañante es esencial, así como la capacitación de profesionales sobre el tema de la humanización del parto.Descriptores: Parto humanizado, Assistencia, Emociones.

Körperformationen

Body Formations. Or: The Totally ›Normal‹ Human Being The dream of a perfect and thus optimized human being pervades Western thinking about education from the very beginning. Numerous chapters throughout the history of education demonstrate that all pedagogical efforts have always been directed towards creating the perfect child, to be then considered the normal child. The concept of optimization and thus also of fantasizing about body production is also considered.

Pemerolehan Bahasa Indonesia Anak Usia 2,5 Tahun Dalam Kajian Fonologi, Morfologi, dan Sintaksis

This paper aims to study and describe the language acquisition system from the age of 2 years 3months to the age of 2 years 6 months, specifically covering phonology, morphology, and syntax. The research method used in this study is qualitative method by studying case study. After analyzing the acquisition of language in Syafiq, starting from the acquisition of phonological, morphological, and syntactic obtained: 1. A normal child can be used as phonemes, and limited words according to the environment and the objecs that are around it. Besides that, the words that came out were still fragmented and the words were still slipped. 2. The words produced have started to increase and star from nouns and verbs. The development of the treasury has begun with abstract nouns. While nouns and verbs are also obtained due to the repetition of the acquisition of friends, brothers, or parents. 3. Syafiq was able to compose simple words, ranging from one, two to three words, and finally make sentences. Simple sentences that are spoken are still completed in a simple order and not yet finished. It is also undeniable that a normal child will be able to acquire first language when his nerves and brain tissue are not difficult during his growing period. Psychological and nutritional development also environment plays an important role in children’s motoric growth.

Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia with Trisomy 21 and Tetrasomy 21 Clones in a Phenotypically Normal Child with Mosaic Trisomy 21

Pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that may be divided into two subgroups: (1) Down syndrome- (DS-) related AMKL which generally has a favorable prognosis and (2) non-DS-related AMKL which generally has a poorer outcome. We report a phenotypically normal child with AMKL with trisomy 21 (T21) and tetrasomy 21 clones. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with mosaic T21. She underwent reduced-intensity therapy with good outcome. We review the literature regarding AMKL-associated cytogenetic abnormalities and AMKL in association with DS. We suggest evaluation for mosaic T21 in phenotypically normal pediatric patients with T21-positive AML.

Quantitative Comparison of Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Strain Measurement Using MRI Feature Tracking in Repair Fontan Patients and Normal Child Volunteers

Purpose The accuracy of 2D and 3D strain analyses was evaluated by comparing strain and cardiac function parameters in Fontan repair patients and normal child volunteers. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 32 patients with Fontan circulation and 32 child volunteers who had undergone clinical cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of the dominant ventricle with a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Global and regional strain (2D and 3D) of the dominant ventricle in both groups was assessed using CMR feature-tracking. Correlations between cardiac function and strain data were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient values. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) were determined to evaluate repeatability and agreement. Results: The 2D GLS showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (-16.49 ± 5.00 vs. -19.49 ± 2.03; p = 0.002). The 2D GRS and 2D GCS showed no significant differences between two groups. 2D GRS: 38.96 ± 14.48 vs. 37.46 ± 7.77; 2D GCS: -17.64 ± 5.00 vs. -16.89 ± 2.96, respectively; p > 0.05). The 3D global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (3D GRS: 36.35 ± 16.72 vs. 44.96 ± 9.98; 3D GLS: -8.86 ± 6.84 vs. -13.67 ± 2.44; 3D GCS: -13.70 ± 7.84 vs. -18.01 ± 1.78; p < 0.05, respectively). The ejection fraction (EF) and 3D GCS were significantly associated (r = -0.491, p = 0.004). The 3D GCS showed correlations with the indexed end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r = 0.523, p = 0.002) and indexed end-systolic volume (ESV) (r = 0.602, p < 0.001). 3D strain showed good reproducibility, with GCS showing the best inter-observer agreement (ICC=0.87 and CoV=5.15), followed by GLS (ICC=0.84 and CoV=5.36). Conclusion:3D GCS is feasible, highly reproducible, and strongly correlated with conventional cardiac function measures. 3D GCS assessments may be useful for monitoring abnormal myocardial motion in patients with Fontan circulation. Keywords Strain; Feature tracking; Fontan operation; Pediatric