Comprehensive Evaluation of the Visual Environment of a Railroad Station’s Platform, Focused on the User’s Psychology

Through a comprehensive evaluation of the spaces of 25 railway stations, where power-saving operations are being conducted due to an earthquake, the effects of various components of the space on users’ psychology were reviewed. For the platforms of railway stations, which are divided into ‘island platforms’ and ‘side platforms’ the ‘physical quantity measurement’ and ‘impression evaluation’ were assessed. When a simple power-saving method, such as partial lighting up is adopted, it has been shown that there is a negative effect on the users, both physically and psychologically. In particular, in the case of outdoor platforms, there is a concern that glare and anxiety due to contrast may increase; therefore, it is necessary to utilize the reflective surfaces effectively. Floor illuminance is fundamental to lighting design. However, some areas cannot be evaluated by floor illuminance alone. The difference in the results of the impression evaluation in five areas with floor illuminance around 50 lx was widely distributed, and it was found that the shape and material of the space affected the results. If platform screen doors are installed, a lighting method that can evenly illuminate the interior of the space is necessary. By reviewing each factor that determines the visual impression, it was revealed that the lighting location and lighting method were significantly affected.

INTEGRATED IoT BASED WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY MONITORING SYSTEM

Smart and cost-effective solutions for water quality monitoring are gaining attention with the recent advancement in information and communication system technology. This paper aims at the design and development of the internet of things (IoT) based low-cost and portable water quality and quantity monitoring (WQQM) system. The proposed system not only monitors the water quality but also monitors the amount of water being utilized by the consumer. The main objective of designing WQQM is to ensure both purity and conservation of water. The water quality meter measures six qualitative parameters of water viz. potential hydrogen (pH), water temperature, atmospheric temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Whereas, the water quantity meter measures the water level and water flow to calculate the amount of water being used. A custom printed circuit board (PCB) is designed to integrate all the sensors for quality and quantity measurement. The results generated by the WQQM system are wirelessly transferred, using Wi-Fi, to the online monitoring system.

Standardization of Exchanged Water with Different Properties in China’s Water Rights Trading

Water rights trading is an effective way to optimize the allocation of water resources. However, the existing practice of water rights trading in China lacks any consideration of the practical value of the exchanged water. This deficiency may lead to disputes between transferor and transferee during the implementation of the water rights trading contract. This paper puts forward the concept of Standard Water (SW). First, getting the original value of exchanged water by the shadow price model based on input-output table; Second, based on the original value, building the economic profits or costs model to obtain the practical value of exchanged water; Third, establishing SW quantity measurement model according to the principle of rewarding excellence and punishing inferiority, so as to convert the water quantity of exchanged water into SW quantity. With the standardization method, this paper takes the water rights transaction between Dongyang City and Yiwu City in 2000 as an example to carry out case study, and provides policy recommendations. The results show that when the contract requires the provision of 49.999 million m3 water of Class I the quality, if the exchanged water quality provided is in Class II-V, the corresponding SW will be decreased to 48.699–37.399 million m3. The application of this research will be conducive to ensuring the fairness and durability of the water rights trading processes.

Electronic equipment measuring device for heat quantity through a flat wall

In the paper, an experimental study for calculation the heat quantity through a flat wall by electronic system has been presented. The aim is temperature measurement on outer and inner walls of a room for 20 days at 1-minute interval of measurement. A transient regime has been considered. The data measured has been collected on a non-insulated south wall of a Technical University of Varna campus building. The wall layers parameters have to be known for the choice of surrounding area. In order to reduce errors of the outer side of wall temperature measurement caused by the solar radiation, the temperature sensor has been painted grey. The experimental equipment for the heat quantity measurement consists of two plates, each with 4 temperature fixed in a rectangle. The sensors are situated in а flat area in order to obtaining more precise results of experimental study. The problem has been solved by finding decision of the classic heat conduction equation. The experimental temperatures are treated by microprocessor’s platform based on Arduino board. As a result, the average temperature of each plate with sensors has been estimated.