Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Diagoxin among Saudi Patients in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: The pharmacodynamic effects of digoxin are susceptible to multiple factors, most notably, heart uptake of the digoxin dose and its concentration in the serum. Another important factor to mention is the renal function state of an individual. Objective: In this study, we aimed to develop a simple algorithm based on subsets of clinically relevant information, which will help to personalize digoxin based on pharmacokinetic (PK) approach, which can help on marketing the appropriate utilization of this medication. Method: This was a retrospective chart review and analysis of 48 patients who were admitted to the Drug and Poison Information Center in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2016 and April 2019. All pharmacokinetic parameters were added according to the C-peaks and C-troughs. MONOLiX® was used for pharmacokinetic data analysis. Results: Twenty-seven (56%) were males, and twenty-one (44%) were females with an average age of 63.6 years across both genders. The mean volume of distribution was 496.6 litres with an average clearance of 6.6 L/h. For females, their average volume of distribution was slightly higher than that for males (526 litres compared to 473 liters). In addition, the clearance rate between both genders showed a 2.1 litre/hour discrepancy (7.8 L/h for females compared to 5.7 L/h for males). Conclusion: In order to individualize the digoxin dosage regimens, this model can be used to predict digoxin serum concentration. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of nutritional status and co-administration of medications on digoxin pharmacokinetics.