Thermal and Optical Properties of the Sunspace Casing as Factors Influencing Temperature Rise in Greenhouse Systems

In sunspaces, there is an observable temperature rise above the external air temperature, caused by solar gains and the buffering effect of their enclosure. In addition, their external partitions form a barrier preventing the direct influence of the external environment and delaying the natural deterioration of elevation surface. In the paper, the temperature rise in a glazed balcony attached to a typical flat in a multifamily building, together with the energy demand in the living zone, were assessed with the use of dynamic computer simulations. Ten variants of the sunspace casing were analysed, with different thermal and solar energy transmittance of the glazing (which is a novel subject in the research area). This enabled us to evaluate average values of the temperature reduction factor during the year and to choose the most efficient variant of the sunspace external partitions. It turned out to be an insulated, double-glazed casing with a spectrally selective coating (type O 21), combining high insulative properties with high solar transmittance. These features allowed the temperature in the sunspace to rise by almost 10°C (compared with the external air) and lower total energy demand in the flat by 33% (compared with a flat with an open balcony).

1431Dietary patterns and diet quality of Portuguese children and adolescents: the UPPER project

Background Based on a classification that considers the nature, extent and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with diet quality. Methods Sample from the 2015-2016 National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 1153;3-17y). Dietary intake from 2 non-consecutive 24h-recalls. Foods classified by NOVA system into 42 subgroups from 4 groups: unprocessed/minimally processed (G1), processed culinary ingredients (G2), processed (G3) and ultra-processed (UPF) (G4). Percentage of grams related to total daily grams consumed were considered to identify DPs by latent class analysis. Adjusted linear regressions were performed to test association with nutritional indicators. Results Subjects followed 3 DPs: “Unhealthy” (51%), “Traditional” (36%), and “Dairy” (13%). Consumption in NOVA groups/subgroups differentiated them: “Unhealthy”, high in G4 and low in G1; “Traditional”, high in G1, G2 and G3, but also some subgroups from G4; and “Dairy”, high in milk, yogurt and milk-based beverages from G1 or G4 and low in most G3 subgroups. Energy from UPF represented 39% in “Unhealthy” and 34-35% in “Traditional” and “Dairy”. Compared to “Traditional” DP, “Unhealthy” was higher in free sugars, and lower in fibre, vitamin A, vitamin C, folates, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron. “Dairy” had lower total energy, energy density, fats and sodium, and higher carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Conclusions “Unhealthy” had the worst nutrient profile, although all DPs presented significant consumption of UPF. This should be considered in food-based interventions and school-feeding policies. Key messages Half of Portuguese <18 years presented an “Unhealthy” DP.

Macro- and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Although case studies in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) indicate severe nutritional deficiencies in those with a highly limited amount or variety of food intake, systematic analyses on food intake in treatment-seeking children and adolescents with ARFID are lacking. Within this study, n = 20 patients with an interview-based diagnosis of ARFID (0–17 years) were included and compared to n = 20 healthy controls individually matched for age and sex. Children or parents completed three-day food diaries and a food list. Macronutrient, vitamin, and mineral supply was determined based on the percentage of their recommended intake. The results showed a significantly lower total energy and protein intake in ARFID versus controls, with trends for lower fat and carbohydrate intake. ARFID subtypes of limited amount versus variety of food intake significantly differed in macro-, but not micronutrient intake. Those with ARFID met only 20–30% of the recommended intake for most vitamins and minerals, with significantly lower intake relative to controls for vitamin B1, B2, C, K, zinc, iron, and potassium. Variety of food intake was significantly reduced in ARFID versus controls in all food groups except carbohydrates. This study demonstrated that ARFID goes along with reduced everyday life macro- and micronutrient intake, which may increase the risk for developmental and health problems. Future studies additionally assessing serum nutrient levels in a larger sample may further explore differences in food intake across diverse ARFID presentations.

Association of First-Week Nutrient Intake and Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Moderately Preterm Infants: A Regional Population-Based Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of first-week nutrition intake on neonatal growth in moderate preterm (MP) infants. Data on neonatal morbidity and nutrition intake on day of life 7 (DoL7) were prospectively collected from 735 MP infants (320/7–346/7 weeks gestational age (GA)). Multivariable regression was used to assess the factors associated with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) defined as a decrease of more than 1 standard deviation (SD) in the weight z-score during hospitalization. Mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight were 33.2 (0.8) weeks and 2005 (369) g. The mean change in the weight z-score during hospitalization was −0.64 SD. A total of 138 infants (18.8%) had EUGR. Compared to adequate growth infants, EUGR infants received 15% and 35% lower total energy and protein intake respectively (p < 0.001) at DoL7. At DoL7, each increase of 10 kcal/kg/d and 1 g/kg/d of protein was associated with reduced odds of EUGR with an odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.66–0.82; p < 0.001) and 0.54 (0.44–0.67; p < 0.001), respectively. Insufficient energy and protein intakes on DoL7 negatively affected neonatal growth of MP infants. Nutritional support should be optimized from birth onwards to improve neonatal weight growth.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND MICROGRIDS

The purpose of study Smart Grid is the evolutions of our electric grid.Our electric components are developing day by day. The purpose of research on Microgrid systems are the integration of renewable energy sources (RES),Enhanced reliability, Reduce peak demand, Smarter consumers, Lower total energy consumption, which outlines power systems interconnection differentVitalityera components (supplyside)with vitality utilization components (request side) and capacity gadgets problem. The integration of RESs and ESSs in a microgrid is studied and analyzed by several authors for different purposes.Create and apply regular cost and advantages technique over all Smart Grid field ventures. The method employs including underlying algorithms and assumptions.Ensure that this methodology can easily accommodate algorithms and assumptions .Develop business case for investors, regulators and customers. This project has some limitations like it takes more time to configure all over the worlds, so expensive for the consumers. The objective is to keep end-user with more reliable and increased power availability and hence keeping higher priority load connected. This study never been done before. This study also was provided current information about smart grid and electric vehicles.

Ramadan during pregnancy and birth weight of newborns

Previous studies suggest that Ramadan exposure during pregnancy might affect the health of women and their babies, particularly through the effect of fasting. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Ramadan exposure and fasting during pregnancy on the birth weight of newborns. This study concerned 1351 pregnant women from a prospective cohort in Jakarta, Indonesia. Ramadan exposure was based on the actual overlap between Ramadan and pregnancy. Women's fasting behaviour was recorded among 139 women who came for antenatal care between 10 July 2013 and 7 August 2013, and those who had fasted for at least 1 d (n 110) were classified as exposed to Ramadan fasting. Furthermore, a 24 h dietary recall was performed and repeated 1 month later. Birth weight of newborns who were exposed to Ramadan during pregnancy did not significantly differ from those who were not, both in the total and trimester-specific analysis. Maternal fasting did not seem to affect the birth weight of newborns (−72 (95 % CI −258, 114) g; P = 0·44), although there was a non-significant trend towards lower birth weight with fasting in the second and third trimester. Women who fasted had significantly lower total energy, macronutrient and water intake as compared with women who did not. Women's intake was also lower during Ramadan (regardless of their fasting behaviour) as compared with 1 month later. Lifestyle changes that occur with Ramadan and fasting during pregnancy are associated with lower reported energy intake. We cannot conclude on the effect of fasting on birth weight due to low statistical power.

Low symmetry phases of (Al, Ga)Sb under low pressure

The interesting problem of the first phase transition which is induced by pressure in AlSb and GaSb antimonide binaries is revisited. Then, the case of the AlGaSb ternary has been investigated too. The choice of ternary AlGaSb is due to the particular attention which is given actually to it and to the quasi-absence of investigations of the phase transitions in it. We found that low pressures applied to GaSb and AlSb induce transitions from zinc-blende to Imm2 and from zinc-blende to Cmcm, respectively. Our result for AlSb is in agreement with literature, and in the case of GaSb which poses the problem, we find that the Imm2 phase presents a lower total energy than the b-β-Sn phase. For ternaries, the transition is found to be to a phase which is obtained from the Cmcm phases of binaries. Calculations were performed using the plane wave version of the FPLMTO (PLW-FPLMTO) first principle method based on the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA96).

Plastometric Modelling of the E635M Zirconium Alloy Multistage Forging Process

The purpose of the process was to develop the guidelines for the new technological process of producing E635M zirconium alloy bars, including the conditions and schemes of deformations in individual open-die forging operations on a hydraulic press. The determined range of hot plastic deformation parameters (temperature, strain, strain rate) will contribute to the intensification of the plastic flow process in individual technological forging operations at a lower total energy consumption, with simultaneous homogenization of the structure in finished bars. Plastometric modeling of the process of hot forging square cross-section forging for industrial conditions and according to a newly developed scheme was carried out within the study. The examination was performed using the Pocket Jaw module of the plastometric device Gleeble 3800.

Cilostazol attenuates ventricular arrhythmia induction and improves defibrillation efficacy in swine

Previous reports demonstrated that cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, affected cellular electrophysiology and reduced episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome. However, its effects on VF induction and defibrillation efficacy have never been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that cilostazol increases the VF threshold (VFT) and decreases the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) and the defibrillation threshold (DFT). A total of 48 pigs were randomly assigned to defibrillation and VF induction studies. The diastolic pacing threshold (DPT), VFT, ULV, DFT, and effective refractory period were determined before and after the infusion of cilostazol at 6 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or vehicle. The DPT was significantly increased after administration of 3 and 6 mg/kg cilostazol. The ULV and DFT were significantly decreased after administration of 6 mg/kg cilostazol only. The ULV in the 6 mg/kg group had 12% lower peak voltage and 25% lower total energy, and the DFT had 13% lower peak voltage and 25% lower total energy. The VFT was not altered in any experimental group. This study shows that cilostazol administration significantly increased the DPT, which was associated with significantly reduced DFT and ULV.