The Synthesis of Gemini Ionic Salt in the Form of a (Tetra)Fluoborate of 1,4-Bis- ((1-Decyloimidazol-3-Yl)Methyl)Benzene

Ionic liquids as anticorrosion agents have a wide spectrum of unique properties, which make them less harmful than the majority of typical organic corrosion inhibitors in antifreeze. The synthesis of ionic liquids enables them to be provided with the desired physicochemical and thermodynamical properties by the appropriate selection of cations, anions, and alkyl substituents on the cations. The aim of this paper is the synthesis of the gemini ionic salt (ionic liquid) made up of two imidazole rings with a linear alkyl substituent with 10 carbon atoms, bonded by a 1,4-dimethylphenyl moiety. Such compounds are studied in view of steel protection against oxidizing and corrosive effects. The compound was obtained in a satisfactory yield.

Synthesis and characterization of PEO and PVDF based polymer electrolytes with Mg(NO3)2 ionic salt as ionic conductivity improver

The demand for solid polymer electrolytes is increasing continuously because of their better mechanical properties, stability, and strength while compared with liquid or gel electrolytes. However, the polymers are having poor ionic conductivity that can be improved by adding ionic salt during solid electrolyte production. Further, not all the electrolytes are compatible with polymers also the concentration of ionic salt beyond some limit not only decrease the ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte but also decrease the strength as well. In the present work, the mixture of two different polymers (10% PEO and 90% PVDF) is selected as the parent polymer for the production of solid polymer electrolytes. Mg(NO3)2 is used as ionic salt to increase the ionic conductivity and other properties of electrolytes. The concentration of Mg(NO3)2 is taken in 10%, 15%, and 20% (w%w) to the parent polymer, and the effects are analyzed on ionic conductivity. It is found that the addition of Mg(NO3)2 improves the ionic conductivity of electrolytes with a higher rate initially but the rate of increase of ionic conductivity decreases after 15%. Further, better thermal conduction and other properties are observed for the electrolyte having a 15% Mg(NO3)2 concentration. The detailed results are given in the present work.

SYNTHESIS OF DINITRAMIDE SALT 1-AMINO-1,2,3-TRIAZOLE

Показано, что динитразовая кислота легко взаимодействует с 1-амино-1,2,3-триазолом с количественным выходом образуя соответствующую высокоэнергетическую ионную соль. В ходе процесса солеобразования используется более безопасный и доступный растворитель, чем описано в литературе для ионных солей динитразота на основе различных триазолов. It was shown that dinitratic acid easily interacts with 1-amino-1,2,3-triazole in quantitative yield to form the corresponding high-energy ionic salt. During the salt formation process, a safer and more affordable solvent is used than described in the literature for dinitrazot ionic salts based on various triazoles.

Strontium and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio of ground brines in the northeastern Angara-Lena artesian basin

The purpose of this study is to identify the major formation processes of the ionic and isotopic composition of chloride brines in the sedimentary basins of the Siberian platform. The object and subject of research are deep-seated strong, very strong and extremely saturated brines as well as their strontium content and the ratio of Sr stable isotopes. The groundwater ionic-salt composition was determined by traditional methods (titrimetric, gravimetric, flame photometry), the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio was measured using mass-spectrometers (Irkutsk, Russia and Canada). The brines lying at the depth of 1500–3000 m were tapped and classified into saline and subsalt hydrogeological formations. Their feature is high salinity (385–530 g/L) and high content of strontium (2.3–7 g/L). The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio ranges from 0.708 to 0.713062. By isotopic composition most of the brine samples are close to the waters of the Vendian-Cambrian paleoocean. However, some brine samples from the subsalt part of the sedimentary section of the basin are significantly enriched in the isotope 87Sr compared to the paleoocean waters and other samples. It could be due to the substantial input of 87Sr into the brines during the long-term interaction of groundwater with the host Lower Cambrian sandstones.

Osmotic Stress or Ionic Composition: Which Affects the Early Growth of Crop Species More?

Salinization is a key soil degradation process. An estimated 20% of total cultivated lands and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands worldwide are affected by high salinity. Much research has investigated the influence of salt (mainly NaCl) on plants, but very little is known about how this is related to natural salinity and osmotic stress. Therefore, our study was conducted to determine the osmotic and ionic salt stress responses of selected C3 and C4 cultivated plants. We focused on the early growth stages as those critical for plant development. We applied natural brine to simulate natural salinity and to compare its effect to NaCl solution. We assessed traits related to germination ability, seedlings and plantlet morphology, growth indexes, and biomass and water accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the effects of salinity on growth are strongest among plantlets. Salinity most affected water absorption in C3 plants (28% of total traits variation), but plant length in C4 plants (17–27%). Compensatory effect of ions from brine were suggested by the higher model plants’ growth success of ca 5–7% under brine compared to the NaCl condition. However, trait differences indicated that osmotic stress was the main stress factor affecting the studied plants.