ELEMENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE ECOLOGICAL FIELD PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

This article has as a starting point the definition of the concept of ecological principles. Then, after classification of the principles of ecology (domestic principles and international principles), we present and critically analyze and compare the main principles in the field of ecology. Among the ecological principles on the domestic chain, we present and analyze 11 principles, namely: pollution must be combated at the source; the interests of environmental protection must be taken into account in all design or execution decisions; any exploitation or use of natural resources must be avoided if it is accompanied by damage; it is necessary to raise the level of scientific and technological knowledge, inter alia by supporting scientific research; the costs of preventing and combating pollution to be borne by the polluter; the activity of one state not to harm the environment of another state; during the elaboration of the community policy in the field of environmental protection to take into account the interests of the developing states; community environmental protection policy must be developed in the long term and protection must be comprehensive and international, which is achieved, inter alia, through cooperation within international bodies; the cause of environmental protection is everyone's responsibility and for this reason education is irreplaceable; depending on the source of pollution, the most appropriate level of action must be established taking into account the nature of the pollution, the necessary measures, the characteristics of the protected territory. This principle is defined as a "subsidiary principle"; it is necessary to harmonize and coordinate national policy in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the long-term commonly accepted directives. We also present and analyze the principle according to which environmental protection must be an essential element of the economic and social policy of the state. Finally, another ecological principle, the principle of prevention of ecological risks and damage

NATURAL SPECIFIES AND ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AT THE NATURE RESERVE “SLAVKOVSKIY LES” (forest named after Slavkovskiy)

The summery. In this paper the environmental conditions, the sources, the landscape features of protected territory Slavkovskiy les are discussed. The territory is placed on the West of Czech Republic. The review of geographical researches of this region has been given. The main compounds which affect on natural complexes of Slavkovskiy Les formation have been characterized. Also a particular consideration is given to characterizing the vegetation and processes of anthropogenic changes of region landscapes. The main ways of vegetation transformation which had been caused by agricultural activities, plants introduction and changes of runoff pattern have been differentiated. The characteristic of natural areas of preferential protection is proposed. The necessity of nature reserve status preservation has been substantiated. A usage of Natural Park for ecological tourism (eco-tourism) is analyzed.

Plurilingualism and Language Contact in Friuli Venezia Giulia: The State of the Research

As a crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, throughout its history Friuli Venezia Giulia has always been a strategic political and economic site and has had several rulers (German patriarchs, Venetians, etc.). Consequently, the language of the ruling classes usually differed from that of the common people. Friulian was mostly considered the language of the lower classes and restricted to non-official and familiar circumstances. This attitude still persists today towards Italian, the official language, and some people feel uncomfortable using Friulian on official and formal occasions. Friulian speakers can, however, be considered bilingual speakers of Italian and Friulian. In fact, the use of Friulian, also in official contexts has always been an outstanding cultural and social issue which has raised very strong feelings both in favour of and against it. This essay presents and discusses plurilingualism and language contact in Friuli Venezia Giulia and focuses on the relations among the Friulian language and the other historical minorities (such as the Slovene and the German idioms) and the ‘new’ minorities (the so-called immigrant languages). It also describes the important language contact phenomena between Friulian and Italian which constitute an interesting sociolinguistic reality since the two languages are not always in opposition. The aim is to present a sociolinguistic study which wants to be a useful tool for measuring and assessing the state of languages in the Friulian community. It can also provide crucial information to those who are concerned with linguistic policy and planning, by offering hints that will enable them to develop appropriate actions within this protected territory.

THE ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM IN PROTECTED TERRITORY PELAGA BADUNG BALI, INDONESIA

This research is a basic research that confirms the ethics of sustainable tourism planning with the research objective of the establishment of ethics of developing agritourism in the boundaries of protected forest. The quantitative method is uses as primarily approach involving 230 respondents, and 32 informants as supplementary approach. The conclusions are the ethical development of agritourism in protected area in the case study of Pelaga Village ideally able to present open natural beauty, cultural-friendly, environmentally friendly, and conserve a unique tourist attraction, provide public facilities, telecommunication, restaurants, and market centers for agriproducts, the availability of transportation to the location, and provide public facilities

Updating the internal structure of living space for arctic conditions

The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the environmental problems of active development of the Arctic territories and to determine the specification of the necessary functional zones and conditions of comfortable living space for the harsh Arctic conditions. The study summarized the problems and threats of specially protected natural areas - the “Russian Arctic” national park. The aspects for modern town planning in extreme conditions of high latitudes are concretized during the process of analyzing historical examples of the formation of “Ideal cities”, conceptual projects of “Cities of the future”. The essential town planning and spatial-planning miscalculations of existing shift villages of the North of Russia are revealed. The requirements to modern Arctic architecture for comfortable living in the conditions of the Far North are grouped and defined. As a result of the study, the actual composition of the main, auxiliary and technical premises necessary for the life activity of the Arctic module of temporary residence of the XXI century is presented. The value of the results lies in the formation of the necessary requirements for designing of a comfortable living space in Arctic conditions and the real possibility of using principles of functional structuring for the creation of space-planning, ecologically balanced environment of stand-alone module of temporary residence on the specially protected territory of “Russian Arctic” national park.

ECOTOURISM IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL MONUMENT "TAJAN"

In the tourism sector, in the last twenty years, a new trend has emerged - ecotourism - in response to overuse and even exploitation of non-renewable natural resources for tourism. When traveling, people want to experience nature, but they need not endanger the natural environment with their stay. Bosnia and Herzegovina have less than 1 % of protected territory, which ranks it in the countries with the least formal protection in Europe. The regional average is 7 %, so the goal, which has lately been supported by international institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina through various initiated projects, is to expand protected areas and to use their development potential. The motives are the protection of extremely rich biodiversity of global importance, and the economic development of protected areas, local communities, and the state as a whole. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of ecotourism, with particular reference to its development in the protected areas of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as an example of the Tajan Natural Monument. The Tajan area is the only protected area in the Zenica-Doboj Canton. According to the IUCN classification, it belongs to the V category of protection. Analyzing the current situation of its present tourist valorization, as well as the possibilities of utilization for tourism purposes in the future development, this paper identifies the basic problems and given guidelines for the promotion of ecotourism in this area.

Multiple readings of the mining landscape in Lavreotiki (SE Attica, Greece)

From the widespread mineral exploitation of the past to the protected territory of the Sounion National Park in the present, the region of Lavreotiki has diachronically been at the centre of human activities and experiences. Nowadays, the landscape of the region, as defined by hills, valleys and the coastline at the SE of Attica, includes a variety of land uses, such as settlements (with prevailing traditional or contemporary styles), isolated properties (legal or illegal, inland or by the coast), agricultural lands (mainly vineyards and olive groves), uninhabited areas, roads, pathways and other transport routes, industrial units, tourist complexes, geological formations, archaeological and historical sites and landmarks, protected forest and shrub areas. However, the connecting element between them all has always been the large multi-metallic ore deposits found underground - their exploitation has shaped the landscape diachronically in a multitude of ways. This paper aims to explore the multiple facets of the landscape, interpret its characteristics as part of the diachronic heritage of the region and discuss its potential as an ‘off the beaten track’ place to visit.

Assessment of natural and cultural landscape capacity to proposals the ecological model of tourism development (case study for the area of the Zamagurie region)

Agricultural and industrial conditions are not favourable in the uphill and mountain areas of the Zamagurie region, and tourism is often the only opportunity to create new jobs, develop the habitation areas and avoid the emigration of local inhabitants. The Walachian and Sholtys colonization has transformed the landscape and created unique significant spatial landscape elements that are traditionally utilized for agricultural purposes, and create a unique esthetical landscape preserved till the present times. This case study has been aimed at developing and applying the new quantification methods using GIS tools for evaluation of localizing, selective realization and environmental preconditions of the landscape, representing recreational (cultural) services of the landscape ecological systems, based on selected indicators. To evaluate the localizing preconditions of the landscape, we referred to the landscape-ecological complex geo-databases (LEC) (Thematic maps - internal ground document of ZB GIS , 2013), completed with the field survey during the period 2013−2014 and identification of secondary landscape structure elements (SLS) and selected morphometric indicators. While evaluating the selected town-planning, demographical and social-economic indicators, we quantified the selective landscape preconditions of tourism development. The realization preconditions were reviewed according to communication accessibility and material-technical equipment. As for environmental preconditions, we reviewed the presence of protected territory and landscape environmental load.