PEMASARAN DAN NILAI TAMBAH RUMPUT LAUT DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR, PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

This study was aimed to analyze the marketing performance of seaweed in Takalar District, South Sulawesi and to analyze the value added obtained from seaweed processing into pure carrageenan powder (semi refined carrageenan). The respondents in this study were 100 fishermen, 37 merchants, 3 wholesalers, 2 exporters, and 1 processing industry. Seaweed marketing performance was measured by marketing efficiency with criteria of marketing margin, farmer’s share and profit margin ratio, whereas value added was analyzed using Hayami’s method. Results showed that there were 5 seaweed marketing channels. Based on the analysis of marketing efficiency, it was found that channel 4 was a relatively efficient channel compared to other channels with the lowest margin value and the highest farmer’s share value of 28.95% and 71.05%, respectively, and the distribution of profit margin ratio spread evenly with the total profit margin ratio of 5.23. The value added of seaweed processing into carrageenan powder was Rp 13 979.16 /kg with a ratio of 44% and was classified as a high value added due to its value which was more than 40%

The Role of Operational Risk Management in Performance of Banking Sector: A Study on Conventional & Islamic Banks of Pakistan

Operational risk has a great impact on the functions of financial institutions. As the complexity and size of firms in increasing, it also enhancing the operations risk in more harmful ways. If a firm is not able to perform its operational activities properly, then it is not possible for banks to get high profitability ratio. Firstly, the operational risk has not achieved the greater importance but with the passage of times all financial institutions have come to know that it is very important for all institutions to cover up the rate of risk in financial operations. By selecting 15 banks (Islamic & Commercial Banks) from the year 2007 to 2011 focused on the internal factors of the banks which are mostly affected by the operational risk. Regression and correlation methods are used to evaluate the impact of Return on Asset, Debt/Equity Ratio, Spread Ratio, Capital Ratio and Asset management on the Return on Equity. The empirical results are shown that the awareness regarding operations risk has greater impact on the management of operational risk. Results are also shown that the operational risk disclosure also vary among different banks.

Impact of new healthcare legislation and price policy on healthcare services provider at the time of financial crisis. A 10 years study

Monitoring, calculation and assessment of healthcare services prosperity in the community pharmacy with the help of financial analysis indicators for the years 2003-2012, using financial statements was conducted, with respect to profitability, debt, liquidity, working capital, and efficiency parameters. These ratios reflect various changes that hold between years 2003 and 2012. Under the time of financial crisis, recession and serious socio-economic changes the profitability parameter Gross Profit ranged from 2003-2011 = 16.12-22.79% (average = 19.20%; mean = 19.78%; σ = 2.41), but in 2012 decreased on 14.35%. Net Profit ranged 2003-2011 = 10.96-18.3% (average = 14.62%; mean = 16.62%; σ = 4.92), while in 2012 reached only 2.29%. Debt ratio ranged from 2003-2012= 2.33-4.81 (average = 3.44; mean = 3.07; σ = 0.82). Liquidity parameters Current Ratio spread between 2003-2012 = 1.13-1.71 (average = 1.43; mean = 1.46; σ = 0.15) and Quick Ratio spread between 2003-2012 = 0.72-1.27 (average = 1.07; mean = 1.09; σ = 0.15). Working Capital Ratio ranged from 2003-2012 = 2.66-12.94 (average = 9.58; mean = 10.06; σ = 3.1) and efficiency ratios were measured either. All changes that have taken place in the society had an impact on community pharmacy finance by worsening its profitability, liquidity, working capital and some of efficiency parameters. Therefore the stability of community pharmacy may be threatened and may affect its future performance.

Effect of Combustion Chamber Geometry on In-Cylinder Flows and Equivalence Ratio Spread in a Direct Injection Engine - A CFD Analysis

In this study, a CFD analysis to evaluate effect of combustion chamber geometry on in-cylinder fluid flows and equivalence ratio spread in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine (DISI) during intake and compression stroke has been carried out. The analysis has been carried out using “STAR-CD es-ice” software for four piston top profiles viz., flat piston, flat piston with a centre bowl, dome piston with a central bowl and pentroof type piston with an offset bowl at an engine speed of 1000rpm. For meshing the geometric model, polyhedral trimmed cell are adopted. The solution is obtained by solving conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations using SIMPLE algorithm. From the results, it is found that for DISI engine, flat piston is best suitable.

Effect of the Ratio Spread of CVU in Automotive Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems

The Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) are being considered as promising short-range solution to improve the fuel economy of road vehicles. The key element of a mechanical hybrid is a Continuously Variable Unit (CVU), which is used to drive the power from the flywheel to the wheels and vice versa by varying the speed ratio. The performance of the KERS is very much affected by the efficiency of the CVU in both direct and reverse operation, and the ratio spread. However, in real Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVT), the ratio spread is limited (typical value is 6) to keep acceptable efficiency and to minimize wear. Extended range shunted CVT (Power Split CVT or PS-CVT), made of one CVT, one fixed-ratio drive and one planetary gear drive, permit the designer to arrange a CVU with a larger ratio spread than the CVT or to improve its basic efficiency. For these reasons, in the literature they are sometimes addressed as devices for proficient application to KERS. In this paper, two performance indexes have been defined to quantify the effect of the ratio spread of PS-CVT on the energy recovery capabilities and overall round-trip efficiency of KERS. It is found that no substantial benefit is achieved with the use of PS-CVT instead of direct drive CVT, because the extension of the speed ratio range is paid with a loss of efficiency. It is finally discussed if new generation high-efficiency CVTs can change the scenario.

Reversibility of Power-Split Transmissions

Recent applications of continuously variable transmissions with large ratio spread, such as mechanical Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems or recent hybrid architectures, need the transmission to be perfectly reversible. This short paper deals with the mechanical efficiency of power-split continuously variable transmissions with particular emphasis on the switching from forward to reverse power flow. Forward and reverse transmission efficiency are calculated and compared, and the conditions which make it impossible to switch to reverse mode are studied. In particular, it is suggested that, although less efficient at high transmission ratios, a forward power circulation should be preferred because it has almost the same efficiency in forward and reverse operation.