ENSURING A BALANCED INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY

The need to ensure balanced innovative development of Ukraine is due to global uncertainty, dynamic processes and structural changes that are taking place today in the global economy. In these conditions, it is relevant to determine the position of Ukraine in the global coordinate system precisely in terms of innovation. Assessment of the state of the scientific and technical sphere, innovative development, research results in the countries of the world at the international level is carried out according to many indicators of various ratings, the most authoritative of which are: Global Innovation Index, Global Competitiveness Index, European Innovation Scoreboard. An analysis of the achieved level of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy in terms of international ratings requires the determination of methodological principles for their calculation. According to the results of the study, it was found that, despite some positive trends, in general, there is a significant gap between the level of innovative development of Ukraine and developed countries. It was found that the position of our country on the Global Competitiveness Index in the past few years has fluctuated between 76-89 places, in accordance with which, it is concluded that there are no effective reforms in the field of research, technology and innovation. The study of innovative activities of European countries and countries - regional neighbors demonstrated Ukraine's membership in the group with the status of «Modest Innovator». Low values of the analyzed indicators in international ratings are associated with errors in government policy and existing problems in the innovation sphere - the use of human potential, the quality of innovation infrastructure, the formation of sustainable relationships between elements of the national innovation system as a whole. The issues of cooperation with international institutions and poor integration into international scientific, technical and innovative cooperation remain unresolved. In this regard, steps are proposed in the direction of Ukraine joining the global innovation processes, which will bring the rating results closer to the level of developed countries in the future.

Institutional Quality and its Impact on FDI Inflow: Evidence from the EU Member States

The aim of the article is to assess institutional quality in 28 EU Member States and to examine the relationship between the quality of institutions and FDI inward stock as % of GDP. This study is structured as follows. Firstly, we reviewed studies dedicated to the relationship between institutional quality and investment attractiveness. Then, we discussed FDI inflow into the EU countries and selected diagnostic variables that later served as the basis for our research in which we used categories of the Global Competitiveness Index. Based on rankings and using statistical methods, in the next stage, we divided the EU Member States into groups representing similar institutional quality. Then we investigated the relationships between groups of countries similar to one another when it comes to institutional quality and groups of countries ranked in ascending order by the value of foreign direct investment inflow measured as FDI inward stock as % of GDP. The study demonstrated that the EU Member States differ with respect to institutional quality. The results of the statistical analysis have provided grounds to positively verify the hypothesis about a positive relationship between the level of institutional quality and investment attractiveness.

Scandinavian technology transfer model: experience and insights

The article presents the results of a scientific research the features of the Scandinavian model of technology transfer, which has demonstrated its effectiveness in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The Scandinavian model of technology transfer has been formed for a long time and has been subject to significant experiments by the governments of these countries, research centers, universities and business structures, which sought an effective model of organizing the innovation process from the perspective of their own goals and interests. The article presents the results of the functioning of technology transfer in the innovation ecosystem of these countries, through their place in the international rankings of innovations and related rankings. It is proposed to use a six-criteria scale to assess the effectiveness of technology transfer, which contains: Human development index, Global knowlede Index, Doing business, Global Innovations Index, The Global Competitiveness Index, The International Property Right Index. The results of the innovation ecosystem of countries have their expression in micro- and macroeconomic indicators. Most of these indicators are taken into account when ranking countries in one or more indices proposed for six criteria scale. Assessing the condition of technology transfer through these six criteria scale makes it possible to determine the productivity and level of organization of technology transfer in the country. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the functioning of technology transfer mechanisms in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The analysis revealed that the three countries studied have their own preconditions and priorities for the development of the innovation ecosystem. Nevertheless, there are a number of features that are common and fundamental for effective technology transfer in each. One of the important elements of effective technology transfer in the Scandinavian countries are universities and technology transfer centers in universities. Therefore, the article also explores the functions and tasks of technology transfer centers in Scandinavian universities. The peculiarities of the Scandinavian model, which determine its efficiency, have been researched, on the other hand, this peculiarities can and should be implemented in the Ukrainian practice of technology transfer

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В УКРАЇНІ

УДК 330.341; JEL Classification: O33 Мета: Метою статті є вивчення основних тенденцій розвитку цифрової економіки України та ідентифікація чинного законодавчого підґрунтя. Методика дослідження: В роботі використано методи аналізу та синтезу, системний підхід, порівняльний аналіз. Результати: Характерною ознакою сучасного етапу розвитку економіки є використання цифрових технологій, які стали каталізатором різкого збільшення мобільності товарних та фінансових потоків, забезпечують високу швидкість передачі інформації, внесли значний вклад в глобалізаційні та інтеграційні процеси світової економіки. Інформаційні технології стали невід’ємною частиною суспільних відносин та призвели до появи нових галузей господарства, ринків, конкурентних товарів та послуг. Одним із важливих параметрів, які на світовому рівні визначають якість та ступінь розвитку цифрової економіки, є світові рейтинги. Згідно з Концепцією розвитку цифрової економіки та суспільства України на 2018-2020 основними рейтинговими цілями її реалізації є досягнення визначених позицій у рейтингу. Для аналізу особливостей та тенденцій розвитку цифрової економіки України авторами проведено дослідження рейтингових індексів, що дають змогу оцінити її стан: Digital Economy and Society Index; Digital Evolution Index; Digital Adoption Index; ICT Development Index; Global Innovation Index; Networked Readiness Index; e-Intensity; IMD World Digital Competiveness Index; Global Competitiveness Index. В дослідженні проведено аналіз стану рівня використання та розвитку цифрових технологій в країні. Наукова новизна: існуючі нормативно-правові акти, що регламентують розвиток цифрової економіки України, актуалізують необхідність їх уніфікації та консолідації у вигляді Стратегії розвитку цифрової економіки України як стійкого законодавчого підґрунтя для забезпечення стратегічного розвитку цифрової економіки держави. Забезпечення розвитку цифрової економіки України передбачається через періодичне прийняття строкових програмних документів на у формі чинної Концепції розвитку цифрової економіки та суспільства України на 2018-2020 роки. Практична значущість: проведений аналіз та визначені особливості та тенденції розвитку цифрової економіки складають інтерес для органів державної влади, до відання яких належить регулювання цифрової економіки; для вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців, що ведуть дослідження з цього питання.

Regulamentações ambientais e competitividade: um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e França

Este estudo objetivou verificar se existe algum tipo de associação entre o rigor das regulamentações ambientais e a competitividade dos países Brasil e França, entre 2005 e 2015, com base nos resultados dos indicadores de rigor das regulamentações ambientais (Environmental Policy Stringency Index, OECD) e competitividade (Global Competitiveness Index, WEF). Ademais, buscou-se analisar a evolução do rigor das regulamentações ambientais e da competitividade, e um comparativo quanto à associação entre o rigor das regulamentações ambientais e a competitividade desses países. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, analisando descritivamente as variáveis em estudo e utilizando-se do teste estatístico correlação linear de Pearson. Os resultados demonstraram que a França é um país mais competitivo e com maior rigor em suas políticas ambientais que o Brasil. Verificou-se a existência de uma associação negativa entre o rigor das regulamentações ambientais e a competitividade no Brasil, e na França verificou-se uma relação negativa e positiva com os pilares da competitividade.

Syrian sea ports and their global indicators

The article considers the role of the seaport in the economy and politics of the state. There are listed the main functions of seaports: trade, transportation, employment, industrial, fiscal, and political functions. The important role of the seaports of Syria in improving the quality of transport support for foreign trade activities was noted. The favorable geographical position of the Syrian ports on the Mediterranean coast determines a significant role in international maritime trade between European and Oriental countries. The statistical data on the seaports of the Syrian Arab Republic in the cities Latakia and Tartus have been analyzed. The dynamics of the volumes of containers transshipped through the seaport of Latakia, as well as through the seaport of Tartus is considered. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the traffic volumes between both ports was carried out. The pace of development in the work of the Syrian ports is being studied on the basis of the GCI (The Global Competitiveness Index) and the liner shipping service index. Comparison of the liner shipping service index between Syrian ports and ports of neighboring countries has been made. The international rating of Syrian ports is presented in comparison with the rating of the nearest ports in the region by infrastructure. Conclusions are made about the low rating of Syrian ports in comparison with competing countries and international ports in general. There has been found the necessity of a detailed study of the reasons for the low competitiveness of the Syrian ports, including the crisis of 2011, rupture of relations between Syria and many countries of the world, economic sanctions against Syria, etc., in order to further develop measures to increase the competitiveness of Syrian seaports.

Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Stability on the Level of Global Competitiveness of Western Balkan Countries

Competitiveness, as a complex concept, can be observed in different ways, from the perspective of an individual, group, company and/or state. The subject of this paper deals with competitiveness of national economies observed through factor analysis, with a particular focus on the level of macroeconomic stability. Through the application of the Analytical-Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, special attention has been paid to the comparative ranking of Western Balkan countries. The ranking has been made in relation to macroeconomic stability and the positions of countries in the ranking of the World Economic Forum, based on the Global Competitiveness Index, for three defined periods of time. The paper identifies key factors that affect the competitiveness of Western Balkan countries. Research findings show that macroeconomic stability has a strong impact on the level of global competitiveness of national economies.