Synthesis and activity of 3-oxo-α-ionone analogs as male attractants for the solanaceous fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)

A series of 3-oxygenated α-ionone analogs have been developed as highly specific male lures for the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons, a pest of solanaceous fruits. We compared the attractant and phagostimulant activities of analogs with or without (i) unsaturations at the 4,5- and/or 7,8-positions and (ii) oxygen moieties at the 3- and/or 9-positions of the ionone molecule. Since naturally occurring vomifoliol (V2) was found to induce a highly potent phagostimulant activity in B. latifrons males, related analogs including, dehydrovomifoliol (V1), 6-hydroxy-α-ionone (U1) and 6-hydroxy-α-ionol (U2) were synthesized to evaluate their attractant and phagostimulant activities. Synthetic V1, V2, U1 and U2 exhibited low attractant activity, but their phagostimulant activity was relatively high. Optical isomers of 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionone (P3) and V1 were prepared to examine the stereochemical specificity of attractants. (+)-(6R)-P3 and (+)-(6S)-V1 exhibited the corresponding activities, while their respective antipodal enantiomers were found entirely inactive.

APLIKASI BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TANAMAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PERANGKAP LALAT BUAH (Bactrocera sp.)

Application Some Extracts of plant as Trap Material of Fruit Flies (Bactrocera sp). This study aims to determine: 1) the ability of Pala, Basil and Clove seed extract as a trap material for Bactrocera sp. 2) the best plant extract as a trap material for Bactrocera sp. The extraction activity was carried out at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, while the fruit fly trap installation was carried out in Ndengga Rongge Village (± 913 m asl) and Lokoboko (± 698 m asl) in Ende Regency. The study was conducted for 3 months, namely in April - June 2018. Observation variables used included the types of fruit fly found in the field and calculated the level of diversity, abundance and dominance of pests and the capture power of each trap in the type of extraction. There are three types of fruit flies trapped in 3 types of attractants in tomato plantations, namely Bactrocera papaya, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius and Bactrocera latifrons Handel. Diversity index of Bactrocera sp. in the research location is still relatively low. The highest abundance is B.papayae with the average value of H '= 1.86 and the lowest is B.latifros (H’= 0,07). There is no dominance of type at research location which indicates that the condition of the ecosystem is still stable. Nutmeg extract is the best attractant trap material as an attractant material in field flies

Population genetics of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), is an important pest species of commercial plants in the family Solanaceae. In this study, the population genetic structure of B. latifrons was investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences. A mitochondrial DNA haplotype network revealed no major genetic break, but haplotypes from recently invaded areas in Japan, Tanzania, and Kenya were genetically divergent. The overall haplotype network is approximately star-shaped, characteristic of recent demographic expansion of populations. This is also supported by large negative values of neutrality tests. Despite the overall pattern of recent population history, genetic structure analysis revealed considerable genetic structuring with 33% of pairwise comparisons being significantly different. Populations that were genetically different from the others usually possess low genetic diversity, suggesting that genetic drift is potentially a factor driving genetic differentiation. Local extinction and recolonization processes related to the availability of host plants are most likely responsible for a founder effect and subsequent genetic drift in a population.