Effective electrodynamical parameters and microwave heating of radially heterogeneous pellets containing EAF dust and biochar

In this work, we investigated the effect of microwave radiation with radially heterogeneous pellets consisting of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust and biochar. We reviewed the possible content of EAF dust in terms of permittivity and permeability of its components and calculated effective permittivity and permeability of EAF dust by an effective medium approach. Using obtained values we calculated dependencies of effective permittivity and permeability of EAF dust - biochar composite mixture on the volume fraction of EAF dust and conductivity of biochar. Taking into account these dependencies we simulated electromagnetic field and temperature distribution within pellet with a radial dependency of volume fraction of EAF dust and effective permittivity correspondingly.

Extremely Low Effective Impedance in Stratified Graphene-Dielectric Metamaterials

The periodic reflections in frequency were observed in a stack of graphene layers and reported as a series of mini photonic bandgaps owing to the multiple interference by the graphene layers. In this research, the effective medium approach was employed to obtain the effective refractive index and Bloch impedance for understanding the wave propagation characteristic therein. Specifically, the pure real effective refractive index without attenuation as well as an extremely low Bloch impedance were found at the frequencies exhibiting periodic reflections. Some numerical examples were demonstrated to show that the series bandgap-like reflections in fact are attributed to considerable impedance mismatch caused by this ultra low Bloch impedance.

Superfluid Properties of Superconductors with Disorder at the Nanoscale: A Random Impedance Model

Some two-dimensional superconductors like, e.g., LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 heterostructures or thin films of transition metal dichalcogenides, display peculiar properties that can be understood in terms of electron inhomogeneity at the nanoscale. In this framework, unusual features of the metal-superconductor transition have been interpreted as due to percolative effects within a network of superconducting regions embedded in a metallic matrix. In this work we use a mean-field-like effective medium approach to investigate the superconducting phase below the critical temperature T c at which the resistivity vanishes. Specifically, we consider the finite frequency impedance of the system to extract the dissipative part of the conductance and the superfluid stiffness in the superconducting state. Intriguing effects arise from the metallic character of the embedding matrix: upon decreasing the temperature below T c proximity effects may rapidly increase the superfluid stiffness. Then, a rather fragile superconducting state, living on a filamentary network just below T c , can be substantially consolidated by additional superconducting regions induced by proximity effect in the interstitial metallic regions. This mean-field prediction should call for further theoretical analyses and trigger experimental investigations of the superconducting properties of the above systems.

Vp/Vs ratio and dehydration reactions in subduction zones

<p>High Vp/Vs ratio is a commonly used diagnostic for elevated fluid pressure when interpreting seismological data. The physical basis for this interpretation comes from rock physical data and models of isotropic, cracked rocks. Here, we establish precise conditions under which this interpretation is correct, by using an effective medium approach for fluid-saturated rocks. While the usual result of an increasing Vp/Vs with increasing fluid-saturated porosity holds for crack-like pores, we find that Vp/Vs ratio is not always monotonically increasing with increasing fluid content if the porosity shape deviates from thin cracks, and if the initial Vp/Vs of the rock (without porosity) is already quite high. This is specifically the case of dehydrating rocks, where initial Vp/Vs may already be high (>1.9 for lizardite, for instance), and where the porosity created by the dehydration reaction may be in the form of elongated needles. The model predictions are supported by existing experimental data obtained during dehydration experiments in gypsum and lizardite, which both show a significant decrease in Vp/Vs as dehydration proceeds. Although no experimental data is yet availbale on antigorite, we make a prediction that antigorite dehydration may not lead to any strong increase in Vp/Vs ratio under typical subduction zone conditions. We present our theoretical results in the form of simple closed-form solution (valid asymptotically for a range of limiting cases), which should help guide the interpretation of Vp/Vs ratio from seismological data.</p>

Dielectric Properties of MWNTs/HDPE Composites in Terahertz Region Studied with Reverse Effective Medium Approach

Optical properties of composites MWNTs/HDPE were explored by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It was found that with the increasing of frequency from 0.4 to 2 THz the absorption coefficient increases gradually whereas the refractive index decreases. Furthermore, composites with thick MWNTs possesses larger absorption coefficient and index of refraction compared to that with the thin MWNTs at the same concentration. The dielectric properties of the MWNTs were extracted with reverse effective medium approach (REMA) from that of the composites. The results of the absorption coefficient and refractive index for MWNTs calculated from different concentrations coincides well with each other. The extracted results were then analyzed with the Drude model combined with a localized Lorentz absorption.

The Effect of Oxidation on the Far-Field Scattering of Aluminium Patch Antennae from Visible to UV

In this paper we evaluate the effect of oxidation on the total power scattered in the far field by a 60nm radius Al sphere in the presence of a substrate comprised of either Al or silica (SiO2). Using an effective medium approach to model the Al particle with an outer layer of alumina (Al2O3), we find that the UV peak of total energy scattered in the far field shifts towards longer wavelengths for volume fractions of Al2O3 up to 20%. When particles with these volume fractions are held above an Al substrate, enhancement of two orders of magnitudes of the far-field power radiated by a dipole in the gap can be observed. For larger volume fractions of Al2O3, the total intensity of light scattered is significantly reduced.