Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have been receiving more attention in dentistry. Their advantageous physicochemical and biological properties can improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of numerous oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, pulp and periapical lesions, oral candidiasis, denture stomatitis, hyposalivation, and head, neck, and oral cancer. NPs can also enhance the mechanical and microbiological properties of dental prostheses and implants and can be used to improve drug delivery through the oral mucosa. This paper reviewed studies from 2015 to 2020 and summarized the potential applications of different types of NPs in the many fields of dentistry.

A critical review on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for prosthesis and implant functions

Polymer composites benefit joint prostheses and implants in biomaterials due to their high strength, reliability, and elasticity modules. The addition of nanoparticles into the polymer-based matrix has effectively demonstrated up-grading wear resistance and implant strength improvement. Therefore, due to the elevated surface area and immense properties, considerable attention has been paid to research in integrating nanoparticles for a wide variety of functions. The UHMWPE is extensively used to develop prosthesis and orthopedic operations due to exceptional mechanical and biocompatible features. The various research studies revealed the fabrication of bio nanocomposites with the polymer matrix possesses superior biocompatibility and durability. This paper presents a critical review of UHMWPE for the latest advancement in polymeric implants by adding different nanoparticles. Another exciting aspect of the proposed work is the addition of different organic (carbon, polymeric) and inorganic (metallic and metal oxides) nanoparticles to develop bio-nano composites. An effort has been made to highlight the exceptional features of modified UHMWPE by supplementing nanofillers for biomedical functions.

Opções terapêuticas para a reabilitação em mandíbulas atróficas: revisão da literatura

O aumento da população idosa nos consultórios odontológicos e o incremento da procura por tratamentos reabilitadores, faz com que os profissionais se especializem ainda mais para atender as necessidades desses pacientes. Os quais, na maioria das vezes possuem atrofia óssea, sendo que na parte posterior da mandíbula, a complexidade é maior, devido à aproximação do nervo alveolar e da possibilidade de fratura mandibular. Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo descrever as técnicas encontradas na literatura para a reabilitação das mandíbulas atróficas. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca de estudos nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed e Science Direct. com os descritores “dental implants and jaw”, “dental implants and edentulous jaw”, “Rehabilitation”, “Graft” “Prostheses and Implants” com “and” e “or” como ferramentas integrativas/seletivas de busca. No estudo foi encontrado técnicas como a utilização de implantes curtos, próteses protocolo Branemark, reconstrução do rebordo com enxertos ósseos, lateralização do feixe vasculho-nervoso do alveolar inferior e distração osteogênica. Na comparação dos estudos, foi verificado que a utilização dos implantes curtos possui uma ligeira vantagem custo-benefício, por causar uma menor morbidade ao paciente e um menor custo do tratamento. Todavia, foi verificado que todas as técnicas possuem uma porcentagem bastante significativa de sucesso, sendo opções tratamento viáveis para pacientes com atrofia mandibular. Portanto, o profissional deve escolher o procedimento que se sente mais seguro, com base do seu conhecimento teórico e habilidade clínica, para proporcionar ao paciente uma melhor resolução para o tratamento.

ZIRCONIA AS A MODERN MATERIAL FOR DENTAL PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS

On the example of dental implants the results of studying the strength of ceramics from zirconium dioxide stabilized by yttrium and titanium of one manufacturer under static and dynamic loads are presented. The microstructure of a ceramic implant made of zirconium dioxide stabilized by yttrium is described. The elemental composition of the implant ceramics is given, the compliance with the manufacturer’s formulation is confirmed. The developed textured surface of the ceramic implant is shown.

NUMERICAL AND MECHANICAL ANALYSES OF A 3D-PRINTED TITANIUM TRABECULAR DENTAL IMPLANT

The main focus of this paper is to investigate and describe a novel biomaterial structure. The trabecular structure has only recently been recognized as a viable alternative for prostheses and implants and seems to have very promising biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The 3D printing technique was used to create test specimens. These specimens were then tested by nanoindentation and tensile and compression tests. A numerical model was created and curve-fitted to represent the mechanical behavior of the trabecular structure. A significant reduction in the values of Young’s modulus <em>E</em> was observed. The values of <em>E</em> for conventional implant materials are approximately 110–120GPa and the trabecular structure reached a value just below 1GPa. The next effort will be to apply the model onto a real implant. It is the “four leaf clover” implant variant by authors F. Denk Jr., A. Jíra and F. Denk Sr.

Método Assistido por Computador e Prototipagem Rápida para o Fabrico Personalizado de uma Prótese de Dedo em Banda de Silicone

The fabrication of digital prostheses has acquired growing importance not only for the possibility for the patient to overcome psychosocial trauma but also to promote grip functionality. An application method of three dimensional-computer-aided design technologies for the production of passive prostheses is presented by means of a fifth finger amputee clinical case following bilateral hand replantation.<br />Three-dimensional-computerized tomography was used for the collection of anthropometric images of the hands. Computer-aided design techniques were used to develop the digital file-based prosthesis from the reconstruction images by inversion and superimposing the contra-lateral finger images. The rapid prototyping manufacturing method was used for the production of a silicone bandage prosthesis prototype. This approach replaces the traditional manual method by a virtual method that is basis for the optimization of a high speed, accurate and innovative process.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Fingers; Computer-Aided Design; Prostheses and Implants; Silicones.

Peran dan fungsi prostesis dalam fungsi sistem stomatognatik Role and function of prosthesis in the stomatognathics system function

Do literary study of the role and function of the prosthesis in overcoming or restoring function stomatognathicsystem cannot function optimally. There is a variety of lost body parts due to illness or accident requiringabnormalities restoration or rehabilitation with artificial materials. To overcome this thing, there are a variety ofprosthesis, the dental prosthesis, maxillofacial prosthesis, and supporting prosthesis (ancillary prosthesis). Theanalysis focused on overcoming tooth loss causes shortening jaw arch and various maxillofacial abnormalitiesusing compatible materials, a variety of complications and their consequences. Data showed that the loss of thesystem's structure can disrupt stomatognathic masticatory function, esthetics, phonetics, swallowing and breathing.Installation of a removable prosthesis, partial or full will improve the efficiency of mastication and chewing ability,a greater increase in fixed prostheses and implants. Esthetic and satisfaction very disturbed due to missing fronttooth with a large variation of subjectivity for the age group, social, cultural, regional and state. Generally, patientsare less affected by the phonetic compared to mastication. Although not fully, function prosthesis can replacemissing teeth and the surrounding tissue, and keep tissue health of the stomatognathic system. It was concluded thatprosthesis can help, restore and maintain function of stomatognathic system, namely the mastication, esthetics,phonetics, swallowing and breathing.