scholarly journals Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moraes ◽  
Carolina Zambom ◽  
Walter L. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Prostheses And Implants ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Many

In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have been receiving more attention in dentistry. Their advantageous physicochemical and biological properties can improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of numerous oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, pulp and periapical lesions, oral candidiasis, denture stomatitis, hyposalivation, and head, neck, and oral cancer. NPs can also enhance the mechanical and microbiological properties of dental prostheses and implants and can be used to improve drug delivery through the oral mucosa. This paper reviewed studies from 2015 to 2020 and summarized the potential applications of different types of NPs in the many fields of dentistry.

scholarly journals Probiotics: Evidence of Oral Health Implications

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka H. Meurman ◽  
Iva V. Stamatova
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
National Health Programs ◽  
Oral Environment

Abstract The prevalence of common oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral candidiasis remains high in the general population. Various preventive strategies have been proposed and included in national health programs promoting oral health. Interest in probiotics in light of oral health has gradually evolved as attractive means in prevention of oral infectious diseases. The aim of the present review is to outline the current evidence on the role of probiotic species on oral health parameters and their beneficial role in contributing to healthier oral environment.

Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. V. Tachalov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
E. Yu. Nechai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely affect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

scholarly journals Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study

BDJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Opazo-García ◽  
Jeel Moya-Salazar ◽  
Karina Chicoma-Flores ◽  
Hans Contreras-Pulache
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pan American

Abstract Introduction Dental care is provided for high-performance athletes at national and international sports events. Elite athletes may seek care for sports-related injuries and pre-existing oral diseases. Previous studies indicate an association between oral health problems and negative performance impacts in elite athletes. Objectives To determine the prevalence of the most common oral pathologies in high-performance athletes during the emergency dental care performed at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games (JPL-19). Methodology All reports of athletes (≥18 years old, of both sexes, from 41 countries) who received emergency dental care at Pan American Villas during the JPL-19 were included. Injuries and types of oral diseases were classified according to the Injury and Disease Surveillance System proposed by the International Olympic Committee. Results Of the 6680 participating athletes, 76 (1.14%) presented as dental emergencies, 90.8% (69/76) of the athletes seen presented pre-existing oral pathological conditions, the most frequent were periodontal diseases (34%, 26/76) and dental caries (29%, 22/76). Among the sports with the most cases, there were 22 (29%) in athletics, 6 (8%) in soccer, and 6 (8%) in taekwondo. The most frequent dental emergencies came from Peru, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Grenada, and Venezuela. Conclusions Pre-existing oral diseases were more frequent than sports-related accidents. The most prevalent diseases were periodontal disease and dental caries disease. It is necessary to implement new care strategies for athletes, based on prevention, before and during sports competitions.

Internet of Things—A Novel Innovation in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
pp. 232020682098024
Author(s):  
Balaji Ganesh S ◽  
Kalaivanan Sugumar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Caries Tooth

We are living in an era where medicine and dentistry are evolving. Dental caries, tooth malalignment and periodontal diseases are being encountered by dental specialists in their daily practices. New digital technologies are emerging in dentistry for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Digitization enhances our efficiency and saves time. One of the recent smart technological innovation in healthcare field is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT consists of a network of physical gadgets embedded with instrumentation electronics, mounted chips and sensors. Through cloud web technology and internet connectivity, the required data collection is enabled. Acquired data is then exchanged to the doctors and analysis is done. This review article deals about the concept of IoT and its futuristic role in dentistry. The review article is based on the electronic searching and analysis of various international and national publications on the IoT concept in dentistry, medicine and biomedical engineering. A bench marking analysis was made on various applications, pros and cons of IoT in dentistry. IoT will play a paramount role in the clinical advancement aspects of diagnosis and management of various oral diseases in the forthcoming decades.

scholarly journals Design and characterization of 3D printed, neomycin-eluting poly-L-lactide mats for wound-healing applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Singh ◽  
Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Topical Antibiotic ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Base Polymer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractThis study evaluates the suitability of 3D printed biodegradable mats to load and deliver the topical antibiotic, neomycin, for up to 3 weeks in vitro. A 3D printer equipped with a hot melt extruder was used to print bandage-like wound coverings with porous sizes appropriate for cellular attachment and viability. The semicrystalline polyester, poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) was used as the base polymer, coated (post-printing) with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of MWs 400 Da, 6 kDa, or 20 kDa to enable manipulation of physicochemical and biological properties to suit intended applications. The mats were further loaded with a topical antibiotic (neomycin sulfate), and cumulative drug-release monitored for 3 weeks in vitro. Microscopic imaging as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies showed pore dimensions of 100 × 400 µm. These pore dimensions were achieved without compromising mechanical strength; because of the “tough” individual fibers constituting the mat (Young’s Moduli of 50 ± 20 MPa and Elastic Elongation of 10 ± 5%). The in vitro dissolution study showed first-order release kinetics for neomycin during the first 20 h, followed by diffusion-controlled (Fickian) release for the remaining duration of the study. The release of neomycin suggested that the ability to load neomycin on to PLLA mats increases threefold, as the MW of the applied PEG coating is lowered from 20 kDa to 400 Da. Overall, this study demonstrates a successful approach to using a 3D printer to prepare porous degradable mats for antibiotic delivery with potential applications to dermal regeneration and tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Toluidine Blue—Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Candida spp. A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Rafał Wiench ◽  
Dariusz Skaba ◽  
Jacek Matys ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Denture Stomatitis

The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral yeast infections was examined many times in recent years. The authors of this review tried to address the question: “Should TBO (toluidine blue ortho)-mediated aPDT be considered a possible alternative treatment for oral candidiasis?”. PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CEN-TRAL) databases were searched from 1997 up to the 27th of October 2020 using a combination of the following keywords: (Candida OR Candidiasis oral OR Candidosis oral OR denture stomatitis) AND (toluidine blue OR photodynamic therapy OR aPDT OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR PDI). Animal studies or in vitro studies involving Candida albicans (C. albicans) and/or nonalbicans stain, randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving patients with oral candidiasis or denture stomatitis published solely in English language were included. Candida elimination method in animal, in vitro studies and RCT used was TBO-mediated aPDT. Exactly 393 studies were taken into consideration. Then, after analyzing titles and abstracts of said studies, 361 were excluded. Only 32 studies ended up being selected for in-depth screening, after which 21 of them were included in this study. All studies reported the antifungal effectiveness of aPDT with TBO against C. albicans and non-albicans Candida. In studies conducted with planktonic cells, only one study showed eradication of C. albicans. All others showed partial elimination and only one of them was not statistically significant. Experiments on yeast biofilms, in all cases, showed partial, statistically significant cell growth inhibition and weight reduction (a reduction in the number of cells—mainly hyphae) and the mass of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). In vivo aPDT mediated by TBO exhibits antifungal effects against oral Candida spp.; however, its clinical effectiveness as a potent therapeutic strategy for oral yeast infections requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Explaining Relationship of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Syed Ameer Hamza ◽  
Saba Asif ◽  
Zohaib Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar ◽  
Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Mirna Regulation

Cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart diseases or stroke are among the leading cause of deaths globally, and evidence suggests that these diseases are modulated by a multifactorial and complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to modifiable risk factors have been explored to be involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. Environmental factors contribute to an individual’s propensity to develop major cardiovascular risk factors through epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones via miRNA regulation of protein translation that are types of epigenetic mechanisms and participate in disease development. Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral diseases in humans that is characterized by low-grade inflammation and has been shown to increase the risk of CVDs. Risk factors involved in PD and CVD are determined both genetically and behaviorally. Periodontal diseases such as chronic inflammation promote DNA methylation. Epigenetic modifications involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis play an essential role in plaque development and vulnerability. Epigenetics has opened a new world to understand and manage human diseases, including CVDs and periodontal diseases. Genetic medicine has started a new era of epigenetics to overcome human diseases with various new methodology. Epigenetic profiling may aid in better diagnosis and stratification of patients showing potential predisposed states for disease. A better understanding of the exact regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic pathways driving inflammation is slowly emerging and will aid in developing novel tools for the treatment of disease.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Entamoeba gingivalis among patients with periodontal disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Luszczak ◽  
Michal Bartosik ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska ◽  
Agnieszka Sochaczewska-Dolecka ◽  
Ewa Tomaszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Oral Diseases

AbstractAccording to some studies, the Entamoeba gingivalis colonizing the gingival tissue is an important agent in bringing about periodontitis. Other studies, however, deem it an opportunist that is able to survive in the medium induced by periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis infection in patients from the Department of Periodontology, and compare this population with that of healthy people, so as to analyze the relationships between infection and patient sex and age. The result of this work is that in both groups, a correlation (p = 0,19) has been noted between the occurrence of amoebae and other diseases in the oral cavity. Indeed, 81,4% of all patients with some periodontal disease showed the presence of amoeba. Among those who are not afflicted with oral diseases, the presence of amoeba was indicated in 62,5% of the total. In addition, a correlation between the person's age and the presence of protozoa (p = 0,15) was strongly marked among women (p = 0,19). In the three age groups of women in this study (40-49, 60-69, and above 80 years), we observed a 100% presence of protozoa.Our study leads us to the conclusion that infections with Entamoeba gingivalis should be regarded as an factor that is associated with the pathological changes occurring in patients with periodontal diseases.

Is it time to move from mandatory stretching? We need to differentiate “Can I” from “Do I Have To?”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Afonso ◽  
Jesús Olivares-Jabalera ◽  
Renato Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Many

The effects and usefulness of active and passive static stretching have raised heated debates. Over the years, the pendulum has swung from a glorified vision to their vilification. As most of the times, the truth often lies somewhere in-between. But even if there was no controversy surrounding the effects of static and passive stretching (which there is), and even if their effects were homogeneously positive (which they are not), that would not be sufficient to make stretching mandatory for practicing physical exercise, for most populations. Amidst the many discussions, an important issue has remained underexplored: the prerequisites to answer the question “Can I?” are not sufficient to answer the question “Do I have to?”, especially when alternative interventions are available. In this current opinion paper, we address four potential applications of stretching: (i) warm-up; (ii) cool-down; (iii) range of motion; and (iv) injury risk. We argue that while stretching can be used in the warm-up and cool-down phases of the training, its inclusion is not mandatory, and its effectiveness is still questionable. Stretching can be used to improve range of motion, but alternative and effective interventions are available. The role of stretching in injury risk is also controversial, and the literature often misinterprets association with causation and assumes that stretching is the only intervention to improve flexibility and range of motion. Overall, the answer to the question “Can I stretch?” is “yes”. But the answer to the question “Do I have to?” is “no, not really”.

Oral Health and Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole. A. Palmer ◽  
Zhangmuge Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

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