Income and Employment Pattern of MNREGA Programme in District Sant Kabir Nagar

The MGNREGA scheme is an initiative to improve rural livelihood, but also there are several pros and cons. So, this research is being done to study the scheme in the selected area. The study was conducted using purposive cum random sampling procedure and seventy-five respondents were selected from a block of district. The data collected through personal interview method were classified, tabulated and analysed in the light of objectives of the study. MGNREGA is a beneficiary scheme that improves the socioeconomic face of the maximum rural households in the selected research area. It is seen that majority of the respondents are enjoying the income and employment rewards from the scheme and are further seeking it in the future. The wages provided and works assigned are found satisfactory to the households, and MGNREGA enhances livelihood security in the study area.

Extraterritorial Reference of China’s Labor Market Flexibility Adjustment

China’s labor market is facing a policy and legal dilemma of balanced flexibility and security adjustment. Under the condition of the continuous development of new economic conditions such as sharing economy and platform economy, the new employment pattern of the labor market presents new challenges to the current legal system. It is of great significance to optimize and perfect China’s existing labor policies and regulations by studying the experience of representative countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany in labor market regulation and drawing on their scientific adjustment model.

Income, Vulnerability and Empowerment of Women Street Vendors in Haflong Town of Assam

Street vending constitutes an important segment of urban labour market for a temporary source of subsistence self employment in India since time immemorial. The benefit of street vending is that, employment can be created without adequate government intervention except some regulatory mechanism like municipal board or parking fee etc. But, the income generated from such employment cannot be sustainable in most of the hilly areas of North Eastern States (NES) as it can provide only a bare minimum amount of income especially in the lower circuit of urban informal sector. In addition, women in such employment are really vulnerable when they are mostly engaged in vegetable vending like occupations in small hill towns. The present study seeks to understand the income and employment pattern of women engaged in vegetable vending in Haflong town of Assam. Haflong town is located in erstwhile North Cachar Hills (presently Dima Hasao district) of Assam. The survey has been conducted with pre tested schedule among thirty women vegetable vendors in the town to understand the income, vulnerability and empowerment pattern of the sample respondents. It is found that vulnerability and livelihood situation of the sample women vegetable sellers are not in a decent condition. By using basic statistical tools, from the discussion, it can be deduced that there is urgent need for facilitating access to suitable and adequate space, institutional credit, social security and skills to the urban vegetable women vendors.

Self-employed or Paid Employed: Who can Earn more among the Slum Dwellers and Why?

Past literature in the context of slum dwellers rarely acknowledges the occupational variation in informal job types. The dearth of studies also exists in specifying the informal types where public policy can result in their improved livelihoods. Based on 240 respondents settled in the slums of four districts of West Bengal, it analyses the types of informal employment in offsetting poverty of the slum dwellers. The participation of only 27 percent of the women in informal employment as compared to 73 percent of the male suggests the existence of gender gap in informal employment. The study finds that irrespective of the types of informal employment, the workers mostly belong to the economically weaker sections. The self-employed population is better regarding earning, using the formal account for savings, and job security (tenure). The findings suggest the enhancement of opportunities for the vendors and drivers among the self-employed, and the labourers working in the electrical and electronic sectors among the paid-employees. The district, gender, relationship status, and social network are among the major variables that determine the self-employment pattern of the slum dwellers.