Features Results of ancient soils paleopedological studying near v. Troyanove on Kyrovogradschyna

The old (Upper Pleistocene and modern soils inside of ancient settlement near v. Troyanove on Kyrovogradschyna (Ukraine) during complex archeological investigation with archeologist L.L. Zaliznyak. The paleopedological method with wide applying of geoarcheological approach was using for to set soil types, trends of development and changes of climate in time as result of comparing of ancient and modern soils. According to invitation of doctor of historic sincere archeologist prof. L.L. Zaliznyak authors studied Upper Paleolithic soils inside of ancient settlement near v. Troyanove on Kyrovogradschyna. The aim of studying were: to determined types of the buried soils; according possibility to reconstruct human habitation nature conditions of the last; to set trends of climatic changes in time. The publications which have attention to the trend of Holocene soils development; the profiles of ancient and inside of ancient v. Troyanove on Kyrovogradschyna. The aims studying were: to determined types of the buried soils; according possibility to reconstruct human habitation nature condition of the last; to set trends of climatic changes in time. The publications which have attention to the trend of Holocene soils development and profiles of ancient and modern soils were analyzed. The last were studied in the 3-th section, but only in the section 1 and 2 archeological artifacts were found out. In the section 1 siliceous material was laying lower of modern soil in Bug loess above vitachiv soil surface. In the section 2 modern chernozem had thickness 0,8-0,9 m and in lower part had erosion loud withBug loess where archeological material we concentrating in sediments. So, in the 1 section as well as in the 2-th section there were artifacts in the upper part of the Bug loess (about 24000 BP). Losses, that were keeping, according paleopedological (including micromorphological) data signs of formation in the cold or temperate-cold climate of steppe with spreading of rarely forest and bushes in the river valleys and gullies. May be there was the stage of sediments interraption between big loess and modern soil formation. In the section 3 background soil is represented by the Holocene chernozem about 0,9 m thick with clear Pk. Comparing modern and ancient soil (the last with siliceous material) allowed to conclude about grow warm conditions of climate for modern soil formation. In the modern time territory is disposing in the forest-steppe zone of temperate-warm climate, but in the Paleolyte conditions of temperate-cold or cold steppe climate were prevailed. More late investigations allowed to summary red data about nature conditions of habitant living in Kyrovogradschyna in the monography under redaction of L. L. Zaliznyak with coauthors Matviyishyna Zh. and S. Doroshkevich of 2013 “Ancient last of Novomyrgorodschina” (in Ukrainian).

MCM-41-Accelerated PWA Catalysis of Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Indoles and Isatins

Ordered mesoporous siliceous material has been identified as one of the key elements of the catalysis concept. Here we report an efficient Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with isatins catalyzed by PWA/MCM-41, which got the di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones derivatives with high yield. Moreover, the catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM/EDS, the EDS spectrum indicated that the catalyst used in this reaction also contains tungsten, and the proposed mechanism for the synthesis of 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones was also discussed. Finally, the catalyst can be reused repeatedly for several times without obvious loss of activity.

Measurement and Comparison of Pozzolanic Activity of Siliceous Materials Using Mechanical Tests

The classification of mineral additives used in cementitious materials is dependent on many factors such as morphology and composition, but it also depends on the kinetics of the reaction with calcium hydroxide, also known as its pozzolanicity. Several tests are used to evaluate the reactivity of siliceous material in the presence of calcium hydroxide, but some of these tests are not quantitative and there is no known correlation between the results of the various tests. Therefore, this study presents the results of compression and bending tests of samples containing different levels of substitution of cement by siliceous materials. Ground quartz, silica fume, and a silica-rich industrial waste at work were used. The results show that the mechanical tests are more affected by the substitution content than by the nature of the substitution.