DETERMINING STATUS OF ACRONYM AS A NOMINATIVE UNIT

This article deals with the nominative statusof acronyms – acrophonetic abbreviations, having syllabic structure corresponding to the English orthoepic norm and designed in capital letters.

Abstract processing of syllabic structure in early infancy

Syllables are the building blocks of early language acquisition. From birth onwards, infants preferentially segment, process and represent the speech into syllabic units, raising the question of what type of computations infants are able to perform on these perceptual units. Syllables are abstract phonological units structured in a way that allows to group speech sounds into sequences. The goal of the present research was to investigate 4-to-5-month-old infants’ ability to track the abstract internal structure of syllables, at a target age when the language system is not yet specialized on the sounds and the phonotactics of native languages. After familiarization to lists of syllables implementing either CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) or CCV (consonant-consonant-vowel) structures, infants were presented with new syllables implementing both structures at test. Results showed that infants preferred test syllables that matched the familiar syllabic structure, especially the group of infants familiarized with CVC. Crucially, syllabic structures at test were implemented by new combinations of phonemes, forcing infants to encode some abstract properties of the familiarization stimuli, i.e., the internal syllabic structure.This study provides the first evidence of abstract processing of syllables as whole speech units in the first months of life. These findings contribute to advance our understanding of the type of computations young infants can perform on syllabic units.

Interpreting experience enhances the use of lexical stress and syllabic structure to predict L2 word endings

Prediction underlies many life’s situations including language. Monolinguals and advanced L2 learners use prosodic cues such as stress and tone in a word’s first syllable to predict the word’s suffix. To determine whether the same findings extend to words with non-morphological endings, we investigate whether Spanish monolinguals and advanced learners of Spanish with and without interpreting experience use stress (stressed, unstressed) and syllabic structure (CV, CVC) in a word’s initial syllable to predict its ending. This is crucial to understand whether associations underlying prediction are morphophonolexical associations or purely phonolexical. Interpreters were included due to their extensive experience predicting incoming speech. Participants completed an eye-tracking study where they listened to a sentence while seeing two words and selected the word they heard. Results revealed that monolinguals and interpreters predicted word endings under all conditions, but non-interpreters only predicted in the CVC oxytone condition. These findings are relevant for (1) prediction accounts, showing that phonolexical associations trigger prediction; (2) phonological models, revealing that stress and syllable information in the initial syllable are key for accessing and predicting meaning; and (3) L2 processing models, indicating that L2 learners with interpreting experience use suprasegmental information to access and predict lexical items similar to monolinguals.

FORMATION OF THE SYLLABIC SYSTEM OF THE LANGUAGE AND ITS MECHANISMS IN CHILDREN WITH DYSARTRIA AND ALALIA

Statement of the problem. The article analyzes the problem of studying specific features in the violation mechanisms of the syllabic structure of words, caused by the sensorimotor basic components in cases of dysarthria and alalia in preschool children. The purpose of the article is to show the connection and specific features of the formation of the syllabic system and its basic sensorimotor components in children with various forms of speech dysontogenesis. Methodology (materials and methods) includes analysis and synthesis of modern concepts, theories of leading Russian and foreign psychological and pedagogical studies, as well as modern studies in correctional pedagogy and special psychology. Research results. A comparative analysis of the results of the experimental study has been carried out. Significant sensorimotor components for the formation of the syllable structure of words have been determined. Special features were revealed in a variety of types of violations of the syllabic structure, its basic components in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment with dysarthria and with motor alalia. Conclusion. The mechanisms of violation of the syllable system, their relationship with the state of the basic sensorimotor components in preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment at dysarthria and alalia were studied.

An Analysis of Onomatopoeia in Peanut Comic By Charles M. Schulz

The aim of this research is to find out the type of onomatopoeia that used in the comic, the meaning of the onomatopoeic word, and the syllabic structure of the onomatopoeic word. The object of this research is a Peanut comic by Charles M. Schulz. The theory used in this research is based on Ullman’s theory. The result showed that there were two types of onomatopoeias found in the comic, the primary and secondary onomatopoeias. From 71 words, the dominant type found was the secondary onomatopoeia. It was also found that some forms of onomatopoeia have the same word with different meaning, depended on the subject and object that produces the sound. Some words come up more than once according to the storyline in the comic. The form of syllabic structure that the mostly used is Consonant-Consonant-Vocal-Consonant or CCVC, there were 20 out of a total 71 onomatopoeia that have the CCVC form.

Initial and Final Syllables in Tatar- from Phonotactics to Morphology

The paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the syllabic structure of Tatar words using fiction text data. Syllable construction rules are unique for each language as they are determined by the laws that govern its specific internal structure. However, the issue of the syllable finds a rather superficial description in Tatar grammars. Thus, possible correlations of the syllable structure with morphological features of the language will be examined in this paper. We analyze the distribution of syllable types in Tatar texts and represent their ranked frequencies and theoretical values fitted by means of the Zipf Mandelbrot distribution. The main part of the study is devoted to inquiry into the structure of initial and final syllables. We proceed from the hypothesis that distributions of syllable structures in word-initial and word-final positions should be marked by statistically important differences due to discriminative structural features of stems and affixal chains. The study is based on a selection of obstruent and sonorant consonants. To evaluate statistical significance of these differences, the well-known chi square test is applied.

Psychometric function characteristics of Persian consonantvowel-consonant words

Background and Aim: Evaluation of word recognition score requires multiple lists that must be similar in terms of difficulty level. There is currently no such word lists for the Persian language. The aim of this study was to construct several lists of Persian monosyllabic words with psychometric homogeneity. Methods: The most common monosyllabic words were collected from a book of Persian word frequency. The selected monosyllabic Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) words were presented randomly to 30 normal hearing participants with the age range of 18 to 25 years. The presentation level was from 0 to 40 dB in 8 dB increments. The characteristics of psychometric function were determined for all words using the logistic regression. Results: The Persian CVC monosyllabic words have different difficulty levels with threshold varying from 2.8 to 37.2 dB HL and the slope from 2.3 to 16.4 %/dB. Conclusion: The final result of the present study is three full lists of monosyllabic words with CVC syllabic structure that have the same mean threshold and slope of psychometric function. The 25-word half-lists of each full list are similar in terms of psychometric characteristics. Keywords: Psychometric function; Persian monosyllabic words; speech audiometry

FEATURES OFCONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LUMINESCENCE PHENOMENON IN RUSSIAN POETRY OF THE XX-XXIST CENTURIES

In the article on the material of Russian poetry XX-XXIst centuries a comparative analysis of the function of the verbs group “luminescence” in poetic and ordinary languages was conducted. the analysis showed that the phenomenon of luminescence is represented in poetry by the same verbs, however, a number of features characteristic of poetic speech have been identified. in Russian poetry there is a marked asymmetry in the frequency of verb consumption and a wider range of objects become sources of illumination in the role of AGENT. The use of verbs with the meaning “luminescence” in poetry is influenced by the style connotation and syllabic structure of the word. The choice of verb is also determined by the brightness and intensity of the light effect in the lexical meaning.

Onomastics in Pushkin Studies: The Names Larin, Larina, Lariny in Eugene Onegin

The paper discusses the literary proper names Larin, Larina, Lariny (the Larins) from Pushkin’s novel Eugene Onegin, aiming to identify the most important factors behind the choice of this surname. To this end, the researcher establishes a reference for each of the poetonyms, considers their distribution in the text, examines the contexts of the primary and repeated character naming, and explores the semantic potential of these names for characterization and revealing the author’s attitude to his characters. The study has identified six factors that determined the relevance of poetonyms in the given work and, respectively, explain their choice by the writer. The first factor is the commonality of usage which adds to the realism and credibility of the literary image. Another significant factor is the word-formation pattern the name follows. The surname Larin comes from the folk anthroponymic forms Larya, Lara, which, in turn, are derived from the personal name Larion that goes back to the anthroponym Ilarion (from ancient Greek ἱλαρός, ‘cheerful, joyful’). The third factor is related to using the etymological meaning of the personal name Ilarion for characterization purposes. The fourth factor is its associative flow, that is, the ability to trigger associations that describe the surname bearers in the general context of the work. This associative background of the poetonyms evolves in two possible directions: Larin (-a, -y) — lar’ and lary. Both of these perform characterization functions, affecting the reader’s understanding of the poetonym. The fifth factor is the syllabic structure of the surname. The male form Larin is a choreic foot, the female and collective forms of Larina / Lariny form a dactylic foot. Both easily fit into the iambic tetrameter used in Pushkin’s novel. The sixth factor is the phonetic aspect of the surname. The phonosemantic analysis of the poetonyms provides convincing evidence that their exponents have positive ratings across a number of scales. The positive axiological coloring of these poetic names contrasts with the negative coloring of the names of other landowners, which is consistent with the author’s assessment of the characters.