ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT FOR CONGENITAL CLEFT LIP AND PALATE IN CHILDREN

One in 1,000 newborns appears with a congenital maxillofacial anomaly, which accounts for about 0.04% of the world's entire population of the planet. Patients with cleft lip and palate have a significantly lower quality of life. Early orthodontic treatment (EOT) offered to children from the first days of life is a preparatory link in the preoperative period, laying favorable grounds for surgical intervention. EOT is a reasonable option to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity, to prevent consequent issues as well as to bring feeding back to the normal. This study involved clinical examinations and early orthodontic treatment of 84 children with congenital bilateral cleft upper lip and palate (CBCULP) from the first days of life and infants based on their referrals coming from all regions of the Republic of Tajikistan embracing the period of 2015 to 2019. Newborns with bilateral CULP within 5 days following birth, and infants who were referred for early orthodontic treatment, had their upper jaw cast model prepared using specially designed and modified spoons for taking impressions in case of cleft lip and palate. Within the study, unrelated marriages prevailed 3.4 times over related ones, which accounted for 22.6% of the cases examined. There were 1.58 times more boys than girls. Close relatives featured congenital maxillofacial abnormalities in 16.1% of the cases. The share of related marriages was 12.9%. Follow-up period — 2016–2017; the patients' age — from the birth period to 1 year. The children were divided into two groups. In the main group, EOT was performed using a dental obturator for orthodontic treatment of children with CBCULP prior to the surgery (n=43). In the comparison group, treatment was carried out in the conventional way (n=41). Before the surgery, all the children were examined through clinical, anthropometric and photometric methods. The statistical processing of the obtained data revealed that before the start of treatment, the studied groups were comparable with no statistically significant differences identified. After the treatment, the age, the weight, as well as the height of the children expectably changed in both groups (p<0.001).

Surface Electromyography as a Method for Diagnosing Muscle Function in Patients with Congenital Maxillofacial Abnormalities

Electromyography (EMG) is the most objective and reliable method available for imaging muscle function and efficiency, which is done by identifying their electrical potentials. In global surface electromyography (sEMG), surface electrodes are located on the surface of the skin, and it detects superimposed motor unit action potentials from many muscle fibers. sEMG is widely used in orthodontics and maxillofacial orthopaedics to diagnose and treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients, assess stomatognathic system dysfunctions in patients with malocclusions, and monitor orthodontic therapies. Information regarding muscle sEMG activity in subjects with congenital maxillofacial abnormalities is limited. For this reason, the aim of this review is to discuss the usefulness of surface electromyography as a method for diagnosing muscle function in patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. Original papers on this subject, published in English between 1995 until 2020, are located in the MEDLINE/PubMed database.

Description of the expression index index for patients with gnatic from of mesial occlusion

An Index has been developed to assess the severity of dentofacial anomalies. The index values reflect the severity of maxillofacial abnormalities and is the rationale for choosing a method for treating patients with a gnatic form of mesial occlusion or for compensatory orthodontic treatment. The proposed technique is a convenient express method for the diagnosis and treatment planning of dentoalveolar anomalies.

The importance of matrix metalloproteases in the pathology of the tempo-mandibular joint in children

Among the reasons for patients visiting a dentist, one of the most common is the pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which occurs in 25-50% of the population [2,3,4]. According to the classification of ICD-10, TMJ diseases are classified as class XII " Maxillofacial abnormalities (including malocclusion) ”and Section 6“ Temporomandibular joint diseases ”, arthropathy and arthrosis of all joints of various etiologies are also described in class XIII“ Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue ”. TMJ internal disorders are referred to in this classification by the terms “clicking jaw”, “TMJ dislocation and subluxation

The importance of matrix metalloproteases in the pathology of the tempo-mandibular joint in children

Among the reasons for patients visiting a dentist, one of the most common is the pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which occurs in 25-50% of the population [2,3,4]. According to the classification of ICD-10, TMJ diseases are classified as class XII " Maxillofacial abnormalities (including malocclusion) ”and Section 6“ Temporomandibular joint diseases ”, arthropathy and arthrosis of all joints of various etiologies are also described in class XIII“ Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue ”. TMJ internal disorders are referred to in this classification by the terms “clicking jaw”, “TMJ dislocation and subluxation”.

Invasive basal cell carcinoma: A case report

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an epithelial tumor of low-grade malignancy, recurrent, with capacity for local invasion and destruction of adjacent bone or cartilage, yet rare metastasis. It presents as superficial, fibro-epithelial, nodular, sclerosing or pigmented. The best treatment is surgical excision; and frequently the cancer has a good prognosis. The purpose of this article is to study and discuss the clinical, histopathological and treatment of BCC.Descriptors: Maxillofacial Abnormalities; Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Diagnosis; Therapeutics.

Pengaruh penggunaan helm terhadap cedera kraniofasial berdasarkan skor FISS dan CT Marshall

Helmet can reduce head trauma as well as maxillofacial trauma due to motorcycle accident. This study was aimed to prove the effect of helmet and its type in reducing craniofacial injury. Any intracranial abnormalities were evaluated with the CT Marshall scoring system and maxillofacial abnormalities were evaluated with FISS. This was an analytical comparative study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 72 patients with craniofacial trauma; 59 patients with intracranial abnormalities and 24 patients with maxillofacial abnormalities. There were 43.1% patients that wore helmet; 31.9% of them wore open-face helmet. Data were analyzed by using the unpaired t-tests. Based on FISS, the effect of helmet on maxillofacial injury obtained a t-value of 0.787 (P = 0.217) which indicated that there was no difference in FISS scores between patients wearing helmet and not. Based on the CT Marshall scoring system, the effect of helmet on the intracranial injury obtained a t-value of 1.822 (P = 0.036) which indicated that there was a difference in scores between patients wearing helmet and not. This meant that wearing helmets had some influence on the occurence of head injuries. Based on FISS, the impacts of full-face helmet and open-face helmet on maxillofacial injuries obtained a t-value of 1.890 (P = 0.034) which indicated that there was a difference in FISS between the two types of helmets. Based on the CT Marshall scoring system, the impacts of full-face helmet and open-face helmet on intracranial injuries obtained a t-value of 1.714 (P = 0.049) which indicated that there was a difference in CT Marshall scores between the two types of helmets. Conclusion: Helmet and its type, full-face and open-face, had some influence on the occurence of either maxillofacial or intracranial injuries.Keywords: craniofacial injury, motorcycle, helmetAbstrak: Penggunaan helm dapat mengurangi kejadian trauma kepala dan trauma maksiofasial akibat kecelakaan sepeda motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemakaian helm dan tipe helm berperan dalam menurunkan cedera kraniofasial. Abnormalitas intrakranial dievaluasi dengan skoring CT Marshall dan abnormalitas maksilofasial dievaluasi dengan FISS. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik komparatif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 72 pasien dengan trauma kraniofasial; 59 pasien dengan abnormalitas intrakranial dan 24 pasien dengan abnormalitas maksilofasial. Terdapat 43,1% pasien yang menggunakan helm; 31,9% menggunakan helm open-face. Data dianalisis menggyunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Berdasarkan FISS, efek helm terhadap cedera maksilofasial mendapatkan t = 0,787 (P = 0,217) yag menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan skor antara pasien yang menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan helm. Berdasarkan skoring CT Marshall, efek helm terhadap cedera intrakranial mendapatkan t = 1,822 (P = 0,036) yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan skor antara pasien yang menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan helm. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan helm berpengaruh terhadap kejadian cedera kepala. Berdasarkan FISS, dampak jenis helm full-face dan open-face terhadap cedera maksilofasial mendapatkan t = 1,890 (P = 0,034) yang menyatakan terdapat perbedaan skor FISS antara pengggunaan kedua jenis helm. Berdasarkan skoring CT Marshall, dampak helm full-face dan open-face terhadap cedera intrakranial mendapatkan t = 1,714 (P = 0,049) yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan skor CT Marshall antara penggunaan kedua jenis helm. Simpulan: Penggunaan helm dan jenis helm (full-face dan open-face) memengaruhi terjadinya cedera maksilofasial dan intrakranial.Kata kunci: cedera kraniofasial, sepeda motor, helm

Sleep Apnoea Syndrome associated with maxillofacial abnormalities

Four cases with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) are presented. They consisted of two cases with TMJ ankylosis with micrognathia, one case with Treacher Collins Syndrome, and one case with the Long Face Syndrome.Standard and specific cephalometric parameters were obtained to detect the site of the obstruction. Polysomnographic studies yielded information regarding the patient's sleep-wake state, respiratory and cardiac functioning, pre- and post-operatively. A temporary tracheostomy corrected the symptoms in one patient but the syndrome recurred when it was closed. Surgical correction of the maxillofacial anomalies will reestablish normal sleep patterns preventing OSAS.