Overview on Malocclusion after Maxillofacial Trauma and Its Management

Malocclusion is one of the most common and often difficult-to-manage complications associated with post-traumatic maxillofacial injury. Maxillofacial injury is considered an important health problem worldwide. Such injuries most often have significant financial consequences and result in deformity of facial aesthetics, loss of function, and increased incidence of other health problems. Many common treatment approaches are extraction of teeth, occlusal adjustments, functional therapy, or a combination of these. An appropriate treatment plan should typically involve orthodontic treatment because it can prevent multi-segment upper jaw operations and stabilize the arches by coordinating and aligning them. The most common and important form of post traumatic malocclusion is malocclusion secondary to condylar fractures. Patient may complain of an open bite with functional disturbances, facial asymmetry. There is also improper alignment of teeth, frequent biting of the inner cheeks or tongue, discomfort when chewing or biting. Management approach of secondary malocclusion after maxillofacial trauma should include prosthetic treatment, orthodontic treatment, and implant-supported rehabilitation.

Maxillofacial injuries resulting from the practice of sports activities: a cross-sectional study

The occurrence of maxillofacial injury increases as a result of a great demand for the practice of sports activities worldwide. Maxillofacial injuries can cause a series of losses for individuals who practice physical activities, resulting in emotional and functional consequences, decreased athletic performance, and financial losses. This study aimed to carry out an analysis of the data obtained from medical records of patients with maxillofacial injury due to sports practices. Medical records of patients seen at the Hospital between January 2008 and May 2019 were evaluated, whose attendance occurred as a result of sports activities. Independent variables were related to the type of maxillofacial injury that occurred. The records of 739 patients were analyzed. The occurrence of maxillofacial injury was more prevalent in adolescents and young adult males, as a result of playing soccer. The most prevalent type of injury was soft tissue, with the middle third of the face and the central region being the most frequently affected. Maxillofacial injury was more prevalent in adolescents and young male adults, due to the practice of soccer, typically affecting soft tissues, the middle third of the face, and the central region. The treatment performed was, mostly, conservative.

Fracture heat map of the facial skull demonstrates a danger zone of concomitant cervical spine injuries

Concomitant maxillofacial and cervical spine injuries occur in 0.8–12% of the cases. We examined the relation of injury localization and the probability of cervical spine fracture. A retrospective study was conducted on patients that have been treated at Dortmund General Hospital for injuries both to the maxillofacial region and to the cervical spine between January 1st, 2007 and December 31th, 2017. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe the correlation of cervical spine injuries with gender, age as well as maxillofacial injury localization. 7708 patients were hospitalized with maxillofacial injury, among them 173 were identified with cervical spine injury. The average ages for both genders lie remarkably above the average of all maxillofacial trauma patients (36.2 y.o. in male and 50.9 y.o. in female). In the group of men, most injuries were found between the ages of 50 and 65. Whereas most injuries among women occurred after the age of 80. The relative ratio of cervical spine injuries (CSI) varies between 1.1 and 5.26% of the maxillofacial injuries (MFI), being highest in the soft tissue injury group, patients with forehead fractures (3.12%) and patients with panfacial fractures (2.52%). Further, nasal, Le Fort I and II, zygomatic complex and mandibular condyle fractures are often associated with CSI. Fractures next to the Frankfurt horizontal plane represent 87.7% of all MFI with concomitant CSI. Patients in critical age groups with a high-energy injury are more likely to suffer both, MFI and CSI injuries. Our findings help to avoid missing the diagnosis of cervical spine injury in maxillofacial trauma patients.

Maxillofacial injury related to an exploding e-cigarette

Electronic cigarettes (also known as e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems) were invented in China in 2003 then introduced to the British market in 2007. They remain popular among the public and are deemed to be effective in reducing tobacco smoking (the UK being one of the first countries to embrace them in a harm reduction policy). However, reports in the media of e-cigarettes exploding are of concern, considering the potential functional and psychological impairment that lifelong disfigurement will cause, especially given their uptake among people of any age. We present a case of this rare, but dramatic, effect of e-cigarette use as a warning to the public.

Fracture Heat Map of The Facial Skull Demonstrates a Danger Zone of Concomitant Cervical Spine Injuries

Concomitant maxillofacial and cervical spine injuries occur in 0.8%-12% of the cases. We examined the relation of injury localization and the probability of cervical spine fracture.A retrospective study was conducted on patients that have been treated at Dortmund General Hospital for injuries both to the maxillofacial region and to the cervical spine between January 1st, 2007 and December 31th, 2017. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe the correlation of cervical spine injuries with gender, age as well as maxillofacial injury localization.7708 patients were hospitalized with maxillofacial injury, among them 173 were identified with cervical spine injury. The average ages for both genders lie remarkably above the average of all maxillofacial trauma patients (36.2 y.o. in male and 50.9 y.o. in female). In the group of men, most injuries were found between the ages of 50 and 65. Whereas most injuries among women occurred after the age of 80. The relative ratio of cervical spine injuries (CSI) varies between 1.1% and 5.26% of the maxillofacial injuries (MFI), being highest in the soft tissue injury group, patients with forehead fractures (3.12%) and patients with panfacial fractures (2.52%). Further, nasal, Le Fort I and II, zygomatic complex and mandibular condyle fractures are often associated with CSI. Fractures next to the Frankfurt horizontal plane represent 87.7% of all MFI with concomitant CSI. Patients in critical age groups with a high-energy injury are more likely to suffer both, MFI and CSI injuries. Our findings help to avoid missing the diagnosis of cervical spine injury in maxillofacial trauma patients.

Economical treatment-related burden assessment of maxillofacial trauma among Ukrainians patients

Aim: Quantitative evaluation of prognostic correspondence between initial maxillofacial traumatic injury assessed by facial injury severity score and maxillofacial injury severity score, treatment cost and duration of hospitalization among Ukrainian patients. Methods: Design of present study was retrospective and based on the medical data of patients hospitalized with signs of maxillofacial trauma. Quantitative assessment of maxillofacial trauma was held with the use of facial injury severity score (FISS) and maxillofacial injury severity score (MFISS). Average treatment cost and hospitalization duration were used as coordinative criteria for economical treatmentrelated burden verification. Results: Levels of correlation between FISS, treatment charges and hospitalization duration were r=0.69 (р<0.05) and r=0.67 (р<0.05) respectively, while analogical correlations for MFISS were 0.74 (р<0.05) and 0.69 respectively (р<0.05). Statistical correspondence between FISS and MFISS scores among study sample reached r=0.71 (р<0.05). Cases with milder maxillofacial trauma types, characterized with initial lower levels of FISS and MFISS scores, demonstrated greater degree of FISS-to-MFISS inter-relation compare to cases with severe maxillofacial trauma. Conclusion: Even though FISS and MFISS scores both demonstrated reliable levels of correlation with hospitalization duration and cost of dental rehabilitation after maxillofacial trauma injury, but MFISS approach characterized by prognostically greater level of statistical relationship with economically related treatment derivates. Moreover, differentiation capabilities of MFISS is relative greater than FISS, since independent grading of separate functional disabilities becomes possible.

Maxillofacial Injury due to Pressure Cooker Explosion in a 13-year-old child: Surpassing The Obvious

Pediatric maxillofacial trauma is quiet commonly encountered in the pediatric emergency department. Management of pediatric maxillofacial trauma depends upon the cause and extent of the injury. Maxillofacial trauma due to the explosion of pressure cooker is rare in children. Here, we report a case of pediatric maxillofacial injury due to the explosion of pressure cooker in a domestic setting.