The Effect of Using Biological Treatment on Microbial Growth during the Malting of Sorghum

Malting is an important industrial product with a huge market outlet. Sorghum grain carries a numerous and variable, microbial population that mainly consists of bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. Sorghum malt is heavily reliant on chemical control of moulds and coliforms. This research aimed at investigating ways of improving malt quality and safety, using starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, during the steeping stage of malting. All the steep treatments contained a sizeable population of moulds, greater than 4logcfu/mL, at 0hrs of steeping. A 3Log decrease was recorded in the steep treatment containing only single culture of Lactobacillus plantarum All the steeping treatments achieved varying levels of anti-nutrient reduction. The Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 steep reduced the phytate level by as much as 47% when compared to the phytate level in sorghum grain. The combined cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCYT1 reduced the phytate content by as much as 40% when compared to the sorghum grain without treatment. When compared to the control steep, the Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 steep improved the anti-nutrient degradation by 31%. The combined cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYT1 reduced the phytate content by as much as 23% when compared with the control steep. The polyphenol content was reduced by about 46% in the Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 steep and 29% in the combined cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYT1 steep when compared to the polyphenol content in the whole sorghum grain. Only the Lactobacillus plantarum CLB8 steep had better polyphenol reduction than the control with a 9.6% reduction more than the control. It was concluded that lactic acid bacteria can be apply as a biological control organism in malting of grains.

Interactions between fungi colonizing the stem base of winter wheat

<em>In vitro</em> conditions, the interactions betecen the fungi most frequently isolated from the stem base of winter wheat were determined. These were the species from genus <em>Fusarium (F. culmorum, F. avenaceum</em> and<em> F. poae</em>) and <em>Rhizoctonia cerealis, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Alternaria alternata</em> and <em>Aureobasidium bolleyi</em>. Some saprotrophes showed stimulating effect on <em>R. cerealis, P. herpotrichoides</em> and F. poae. Certain species in combined cultures showed exceptionally favourable relationships.