scholarly journals Interactions between fungi colonizing the stem base of winter wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Urszula Wachowska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Combined Cultures ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

<em>In vitro</em> conditions, the interactions betecen the fungi most frequently isolated from the stem base of winter wheat were determined. These were the species from genus <em>Fusarium (F. culmorum, F. avenaceum</em> and<em> F. poae</em>) and <em>Rhizoctonia cerealis, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Alternaria alternata</em> and <em>Aureobasidium bolleyi</em>. Some saprotrophes showed stimulating effect on <em>R. cerealis, P. herpotrichoides</em> and F. poae. Certain species in combined cultures showed exceptionally favourable relationships.

scholarly journals Influence of fungicides on occurence of Fusarium spp. and other stem base diseases on winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Václav Sklenář
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Total Correlation ◽  
Small Plot

From 1999 to 2004 the occurence of fungi: Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) and Fusarium spp. was evaluated in small plot field trials on seven varieties of winter wheat. The efficacy of fungicide protection against stem base diseases and influence on yields was monitored in field conditions in Velká Bystřice near Olomouc.For diagnostic of casual fungi two methods were used: 1. Method of coloring mycelium in stems, 2. Method of cultivation of mycelim on agar.Results from detection of casual fungi are following: Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.), Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe.For high efficacy of protection against roots and stem base disease the following fungicide variants should be applied: Sportak Alpha 1.5 l . ha−1 (BBCH 30)/Cerelux Plus 0.7 l . ha−1 (BBCH 51), Sportak HF 1 l . ha−1 (BBCH 30)/Cerelux Plus 0.7 l . ha−1, Alert S 1.0 l . ha−1 (BBCH 30/Cerelux Plus 0.7 l . ha−1 (BBCH 51). The application of fungicides positively influenced yields. Yield increased at average by10–20 % after the aplication but the rise in yields was not in total correlation with the efficacy. These results can be possibly used in the system of integral control of winter wheat against stem base disease in wheat.

Effect of Copper Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on the Development of Tolerance to Alternaria alternata in Poplar in Vitro Clones

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
T. A. Grodetskaia ◽  
O. A. Fedorova ◽  
P. M. Evlakov ◽  
O. Yu. Baranov ◽  
O. V. Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

scholarly journals Microbial Transformations of Isophorone by Alternaria alternata and Neurospora crassa

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Kiran ◽  
Özge Özşen ◽  
Turgay Çelik ◽  
Semra İlhan ◽  
Bükay Yenice Gürsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Derivatives Of

Isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one), a monoterpene, and the structurally related 1,8-cineole and camphor, have demonstrated a protective effect against cancer, biological activity against a variety of microorganisms, and anti-oxidant properties. The derivatization of isophorone is, therefore, an important field of xenobiochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. The aim of this study was to obtain derivatives of isophorone through microbial biotransformation and evaluate the biotransformation metabolites as potential antimicrobial agents. Incubation of isophorone with the fungi Alternaria alternata and Neurospora crassa afforded 4α-hydroxy- and 7-hydroxy-isophorone as transformation metabolites. The antimicrobial activities of isophorone and the metabolites were evaluated in vitro both by using agar dilution and microdilution methods. However, no significant antibacterial activity was observed when compared with those of standard substances.

scholarly journals CLONAL PROPAGATION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) VIA DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN VITRO REGENERATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureen Michelle Houllou ◽  
Robson Antônio de Souza ◽  
Elizabete Cristina Pacheco dos Santos ◽  
José Jackson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marta Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted with shoot tip explants of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to identify a viable regenerative process. Shoot tips were obtained from neem embryos cultured alternatingly in DKW medium supplemented with BAP and medium without hormones. Initial shoot development was influenced by cotyledon presence. Basal callus, excised from in vitro stem base, also presented organogenic potential. In some cases, plant lines, obtained from each seed, presented different characteristics. The most common characteristic observed in vitro was callus formation at the stem base. However, the rarest characteristics were stem callus formation and leaf senescence. The regenerated shoot tips were further subculture and rooted on a medium supplemented with IBA so that complete plants could be obtained. The rooted plants were transplanted to a greenhouse and successfully acclimatized. No significant differences in in vivo development were observed between neem plants from callus and from shoot tip propagation.

scholarly journals Use of polimerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Ewa Solarska ◽  
Magdalena Grudzińska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Chain Reaction

<i>Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides</i> was detected by PCR in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems in 2000 and 2001. In all tested systems only pathotype R of pathogen was detected. Detection of fungus depended on production system and weather conditions. Pathogen was not detected in both tested cultivars only in ecological system but only in season with less favourable conditions for disease development

scholarly journals Alternaria leaf spot of broccoli caused by Alternaria alternata in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayma T. Nira ◽  
Md. Farhad Hossain ◽  
Nur Uddin Mahmud ◽  
Oliul Hassan ◽  
Md. Tofazzal Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Alternaria Sp

  This study aimed to isolate and characterise the pathogen associated with Alternaria leaf spot on broccoli and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of fungicides against it. We isolated and identified the fungal pathogen as Alternaria sp. using morphological and cultural methods. Based on the aligned sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and molecular phylogenetic analysis by the neighbour-joining method, the isolates (Ab1 and Ab2) were confirmed as Alternaria alternata. The conidia of the isolates were dark brown, cylindrical, obclavate to muriform. The conidiophores were olivaceous brown, septate, and branched. The conidial morphology of the isolates ranged from 52.4–92.4 × 10–20 μm with 2–6 transverse and 0–3 longitudinal septa. Both isolates yielded positive results in the pathogenicity test on broccoli leaves by developing brown and circular spots with concentric rings on the leaves surrounded by yellow halos. The culture studies revealed that the maximum growth of the pathogen was obtained at 30 °C and pH 6.0. Tilt 250 WC showed the highest potential in suppressing the mycelial growth of the A. alternata in vitro at a concentration as low as 50 µg/mL. The results from this study contributed to the positive identification of the pathogen and characterised A. alternata as a destructive pathogen of broccoli which may be successfully controlled by the fungicide Tilt.  

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

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