Evaluating the Real-World NOx Emission from a China VI Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle

The manufacturers of China VI heavy-duty vehicles were required to conduct in-service conformity (ISC) tests by using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The moving averaging window (MAW) method was used to evaluate the NOx emission required by the China VI emission standard. This paper presented the results of four PEMS tests of a China VI (step B) N3 category vehicle. Our analyses revealed that the real NOx emission of the test route was much higher than the result evaluated by the MAW method. We also found the data produced during the urban section of a PEMS test was completely excluded from the evaluation based on the current required boundary conditions. Therefore, in order to ensure the objectivity of the evaluation, this paper proposed three different evaluation methods. Method 1 merely set the power threshold as 10% for valid MAWs; Method 2 reclassified the MAWs into “Urban MAWs”, “Rural MAWs” and “Motorway MAWs” according to the vehicle speed. Method 3 reclassified the MAWs into “Hot MAWs” and “Cold MAWs” according to engine coolant temperature. The NOx emission evaluation results for Method 1 were not satisfactory, but those for Method 2 and Method 3 were close to the real NOx emission, the errors were all within ±10%.

EVALUASI PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN DAN PENGAMANAN LALU LINTAS MELALUI LAYANAN PENGUJIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DRIVE THRU DI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

Program pengendalian dan pengamanan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu program yang telah dicantumkan di dalam Rencana Strategis Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Sidoarjo tahun 2017-2021. Program ini telah dilaksanakan untuk meminimalisir angka kecelakaan lalu lintas. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan uji kir menggunakan uji kelayakan kendaraan bermotor, yang mana dilakukan secara berkala untuk menguji kendaraan bermotor yang besar, kecil, milik pribadi ataupun perusahaan yang telah melalui tahap lulus layak uji sehingga dapat beroperasi di jalan raya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi program pengujian kendaraan bermotor drive thru di Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik dalam penelitian ini melalui metode studi literatur, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis menggunkan metode deskriptif-kualitatif, dengan mengkompres fakta, objek penelitian, dan data bahasa maupun wacana. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa program uji kir drive thru masih belum efektif, perbedaan antrian sesudah dan sebelum adanya drive thru tidak signifikan sehingga masih perlu di maksimalkan. Dari segi efisiensi, pelaksanaan uji kir sangat baik dilakukan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku. Dalam hal kecukupan jalur uji dan lahan yang masih kurang menyebabkan antrian panjang masih sering terjadi. Pada kesamaan pengujian dilakukan sesuai antrian pendaftaran. Rensponsivitas masyarakat masih banyak yang memilih jalur pengujian biasa. Keseluruhan pelaksanaan uji kir sudah baik, semua dilakukan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Saran dari penelitian ini karyawan lebih disiplin jam buka, menambah jalur baru, membedakan jalur antara jalur biasa dengan drive thru, dan menyelesaikan pembagunan lahan baru uji kir di Jalan Veteran Lingkar Timur. Kata Kunci : Evaluasi , Uji Kir, Drive Thru. The traffic control and security program are one of the programs that have been included in the Strategic Plan of the Sidoarjo Regency Transportation Service for 2017-2021. This program has been implemented to minimize the number of traffic accidents. To achieve this goal, a test car is carried out using a motorized vehicle feasibility test, which is carried out periodically to test large, small, private, or company motorized vehicles that have passed the test-worthy stage so that they can operate on the highway The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drive-thru motorized vehicle testing program at the Department of Transportation, Sidoarjo Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The technique in this research is through the method of literature study, observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique uses descriptive-qualitative methods, by compressing facts, research objects, and language and discourse data. The results of this study indicate that the drive-thru kir test program is still ineffective, the queue difference after and before the drive-thru is not significant so it still needs to be maximized. In terms of efficiency, it is best to carry out the test run according to the applicable regulations. In terms of the adequacy of the test route and the insufficient land, long queues still occur. On the similarity, testing is carried out according to the registration queue There are still many people who choose the usual test route. The overall implementation of the test is good, everything is carried out by the applicable regulations. Suggestions from this research are employees to be more disciplined in opening hours, add new routes, differentiate between the normal route and the drive-thru, and complete the construction of a new land test at Jalan Veteran Lingkar Timur. Keywords: Evaluation, Kir Drive-Thru Test

Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

From repeating routes to planning novel routes: the impact of landmarks and ageing on route integration and cognitive mapping

The integration of intersecting routes is an important process for the formation of cognitive maps and thus successful navigation. Here we present a novel task to study route integration and the effects that landmark information and cognitive ageing have on this process. We created two virtual environments, each comprising five places and one central intersection but with different landmark settings: in the Identical Landmark environment, the intersection contained visually monotonic features whereas the intersection contained visually distinctive features in the Different Landmarks environment. In both environments young and older participants were presented with two short routes that both traversed through the shared intersection. To test route integration, participants were asked to either repeat the learning routes, to navigate the routes from the destination to the starting place or to plan novel routes. As expected, results demonstrate better performance when repeating or retracing routes than when planning novel routes. Performance was better in younger than older participants and in the Different Landmark environment which does not require detailed knowledge of the spatial configuration of all places in the environment. A subgroup of the older participants who performed lower on a screening test for cognitive impairments could not successfully complete the experiment or did not reach the required performance criterion. These results demonstrate that strategically placed landmarks support the integration of route knowledge into spatial representations that allow for goal-dependent flexible navigation behaviour and that earliest signs of atypical cognitive ageing affect this process of route integration.

Analisis Performansi Jaringan 4G Operator Telkomsel di Kota Tanjungpinang menggunakan Metode Drive Test

The existence of a 4G network in Tanjungpinang City has begun to be felt by the community. The number of 4G service users continues to increase, so optimal observation is needed on the quality of the 4G network. Analysis of 4G network performance can be obtained using the drive test method. This method is used to obtain network quality information in real terms in the field. In line with advances in drive test technology, it can be applied more easily, namely using G-NetTrack Pro software. The parameters measured to determine the quality of 4G networks in this study are SINR (Signal to Interference Noice Ratio), RSRP (Reference Signal Receives Power), RSRQ (Reference Signal Receives Quality). Location of the measurement in Tanjungpinang City with the drive test route is started from Ali Haji street– Basuki Rahmat street – Wiratno street - Sekarno Hatta street - Yos Sudarso street - Usman Harun street - POS street - Bakar Batu street - Brigjen Katamso street - MT Haryono street. The result shows 4G Telkomsel has a good quality with value RSRP -83.48 dBm, RSRQ -11.18 dB, SINR 6.71 dB.

Fuel Consumption Using OBD-II and Support Vector Machine Model

This paper presents a method to estimate gasoline fuel consumption using the onboard vehicle information system OBD-II (Onboard Diagnoses-II). Multiple vehicles were used on a test route so that their consumption can be compared. The relationships between fuel consumption and both of the engine speed are measured in RPM (revolutions per minute), and the throttle position sensor (TPS). The relationships are expressed as polynomial equations. The method which is composed of an SVM (support vector machine) classifier combined with Lagrange interpolation, is used to define the relationship between the two engine parameters and the overall fuel consumption. The relationship model is plotted using a surface fitting tool. In the experimental section, the proposed method is tested using the vehicles on a major highway between two cities in Jordan. The proposed model gets its sample data from the engine’s RPM, TPS, and fuel consumption. The method successfully has given precise fuel consumption with square root mean difference of 2.43, and the figures are compared with the values calculated by the conventional method.

Evaluating the environmental costs in Poland of city buses meeting the Euro VI norm based on tests in real operating conditions

The article analyzes the environmental costs which consisted of determining the annual cost for gases and particles released into the atmosphere by city buses meeting the Euro VI norm. To this end, exhaust emissions of a city bus equipped with a conventional drive system were performed. The vehicle had a length of 18m and was powered by a CI engine with a swept volume of 10,5 dm3, with a maximum power of 240 kW. In order to measure the ecological indicators, tests were performed in real driving conditions using the PEMS system. The apparatus made it possible to measure the concentration of gaseous compounds and particulate matter in the exhaust, which made it possible to determine the road exhaust emissions of the tested vehicle. The research was carried out on a test route including urban and suburban roads in accordance with legislative guidelines. The measurements showed that the bus met the exhaust emission limits determined on the basis of measuring windows defined in relation to the work generated by the drive system. In addition to information on the emissivity of the vehicle, the annual emissions from city buses meeting the Euro VI standard in Poland were also estimated. The information contained in the central vehicle register for the number of vehicles registered in Poland that meet the latest emission standards has been used for this purpose.

Impact of the use of comfort devices on the exhaust emission from a hybrid vehicle

Vehicles are equipped with more and more devices to improve the comfort of traveling. They are usually powered by electricity generated by the engine, which translates into an increase in its loads and, as a consequence, fuel consumption and emission. However, there is no information about the possible increase in the amount of other harmful components contained in the exhaust gases. Often this result is inadequate to that obtained during the operation of the vehicle, where the obtained fuel consumption is higher. As part of this article, tests were carried out in real hybrid vehicle traffic conditions on the same test route using an analyzer from the PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) ¬ SEMTECH DS Sensors Inc. The analysis of gaseous components of exhaust gases together with the exhaust mass flow probe and the GPS system made it possible to calculate the pollutant emission.. On this basis, the actual mileage fuel consumption of the tested vehicle was calculated using the road emission of carbon-containing compounds (carbon balance method).