Assessment of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in academics from higher education institutions under conditions of social distance

Mood disorders are among the most prevalent health problems affecting the young adult population, especially academics of higher education. This scenario may be even more evident with the social isolation related to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of stress, depression and anxiety in academics from private institutions of higher education, under social isolation. The study was performed using questionnaires to obtain socioeconomic data and the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (DASS-21), using an online platform. The results demonstrated that most participants had symptoms of stress, anxiety or depression. People with mood disorders had severe scores on the DASS-21. In addition, there was a higher prevalence of severe and extremely severe symptoms in females when compared to males. Finally, there was a negative correlation with age, demonstrating that, as younger, higher the score. The participants had significant scores of mood disorders probably because the majority work and study. In addition, they probably increase the susceptibility to these conditions with COVID-19 pandemic. The predominant age corresponds to the so-called emerging adult phase and the majority of women is probably related to the fact that most health sciences courses participated in the research and had predominantly women.

Child sexual exploitation, poly-victimisation and resilience

Purpose This paper aims to examine the prevalence of child sexual exploitation (CSE) and factors connected in a young adult population, through a series of connected studies. Each study considered exposure to poly-victimisation. The series of studies focussed on a number of factors felt to impact vulnerability and protective factors towards CSE. Specifically caregiver bonds, resilience and attachment style, adolescent risk-taking, quality of caregiver bonds, level/type of supportive relationships and positive schemas, as well as the impact of CSE disclosure and links to attachment style and maladaptive schemas. Design/methodology/approach These studies looked at a young adult population, mainly women. Study one (n = 263), study two (n = 138) and study three (n = 211), predominantly collected via a series of online measures. Findings Findings demonstrated that around half of children under 16 years had been approached sexually by an adult, with approximately one in four children subsequently exploited. Various results were noted, such as experiencing a primary caregiver as lacking in warmth and affection was associated with those reporting CSE, with further exposure to poly-victimisation contributing to a less functional coping style and insecure attachments. CSE was not associated with higher levels of adolescent risk-taking, poor bonds with the primary caregiver, fewer important childhood relationships and positive schemas. Practical implications This paper notes the importance of addressing the functions of behaviours for victims, to reduce re-victimisation risk. It noted the importance of applying theory when working with this population. It introduced the protect and vulnerability model against CSE and has practical applications for professionals working with victims of CSE. This paper argues the importance of individualised assessments for children who are deemed to be “at-risk” of CSE. Originality/value Findings were combined to propose the protection against the CSE model and the application of this to intervention and future research is acknowledged.

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON THE ACCURACY OF HEART RATE READINGS BETWEEN SMART WATCHES AND A HAND HELD VITAL SIGN MONITOR IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC MOTIONS ON A HEALTHY YOUNG ADULT POPULATION

There are various devices and applications available in the market that can be used to measure heart rates. These are becoming increasingly popular. Amongst these include the Apple watch, the Xiaomi MI Band and using the Thermal Application (T.A.P.) software (used through a Smartphone). In clinical practice and research, usually the E.C.G. Is used to measure the heart rates, (apart from manually counting the beats by palpation). The study will determine the accuracy of using the available devices in the market (previously mentioned), and also determine if they can be used on patients or subjects while sitting and walking, in clinical practice and researches. Method: It will be a comparative observational study. 50 students, selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria from Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences will be the subjects of this study. Their heart rates will be monitored with the three devices, and compared with the readings from an E.C.G. It will be done as per Bruce protocol during walking, and in static sitting. The accuracy of the devices will be determined by analyzing the results acquired. The devices are: Apple watch, Xiaomi MI band, and a smart Phone with Thermal Application (T.A.P.) software installed. The successful completion of the study will determine which of the devices show the most accurate heart rate readings, in what positions of a patient (sitting or walking) it would be acceptable to use these devices (in terms of accuracy) in the case where an E.C.G. is not available, or at a time of urgency. The study will also show if it would be appropriate to use these devices in clinical practice and research studies.

Gyermekkori indolens lymphomák differenciáldiagnosztikája

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A gyermekkorban előforduló hematológiai megbetegedések közül az indolens non-Hodgkin-lymphomák igen ritka entitásnak számítanak. A betegség általában körülírt nyirokcsomó-megnagyobbodással jelentkezik, mely jellemzően lokalizált marad, szisztémás tünetek megjelenése nélkül, a prognózis kifejezetten kedvező. Morfológiai képük igen változatos, ami miatt gyakran differenciáldiagnosztikai kihívást jelentenek. Sajátos klinikopatológiai megjelenésük és rendkívül kedvező gyógyhajlamuk miatt a 2016-os WHO klasszifikációban önálló entitásként szerepelnek, mint gyermekkori-típusú follikuláris lymphoma és gyermekkori nodális marginális zóna lymphoma. Jelen tanulmányunk célja volt átfogó képet adni a gyermekkori indolens lymphomákról, különös hangsúlyt fektetve a differenciáldiagnosztikai problematikára. Közleményünkben részletes ismertetésre kerülnek az egyes szövettani típusok, morfológiai, immunhisztokémiai, klinikai és genetikai jellemzők szerint. Summary. Introduction: Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the pediatric and young adult population are very rare. The disease usually presents as isolated, localized lymphadenopathy most often in the head and neck regions, without generalized symptoms. The histology mainly shows mature B-cell lymphoma phenotypes, distinction from reactive lymphoid hyperplasias can be often difficult. Pediatric indolent lymphomas show characteristic clinicopathological features with excellent prognosis that differ from the adult counterpart; these lymphomas can be found as a distinct entity in the 2016 WHO classification as the pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and the pediatric-type nodal marginal zone lymphoma. In this study we present the pathologic characteristics: morphology, immunophenotype and genetical features and the important differential diagnostics of these entities.

Is the FINDRISC Tool Useful in Screening Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in an African Setting? Experience among Young Adults in Urban Tanzania

Background: Simple and less costly screening tools are needed to combat the rising non-communicable diseases epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) as a screening tool for prediabetes, T2D, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population of young adults in urban Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among participants aged 18–35 years. The FINDRISC questionnaire was used to collect data and compute the FINDRISC scores for each participant. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, blood glucose, and lipid profiles data were collected accordingly. Results: A total of 259 participants were recruited into the study. The median age was 21 years (IQR 19–27), and more than half 60.2% (156) were females. In total, 32.8% (85) of the participants had at least a slightly elevated risk of developing T2D in 10 years’ time. Compared to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), FINDRISC had a sensitivity and specificity of 39.1% and 69.2%, respectively (aROC = 0.5). The FINDRISC score significantly correlated with MetS (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, FINDRISC has shown low sensitivity and specificity in the screening of pre-diabetes/T2D. However, it has potential utility in the screening of MetS in a young-adult population.

Prescription Stimulant-Induced Neurotoxicity: Mechanisms, outcomes, and relevance to ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively prevalent neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental condition characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ) as difficulty sustaining attention and maintaining tasks at hand, heightened distractibility, and other deficits in executive functioning. Prescription stimulants—amphetamine (AMP) and methylphenidate (MPH)—are the first-line treatment(s) for ADHD in both pediatric and adult populations and exist in many formulations. Troublingly, the non-medical use (NMU) of amphetamine and methylphenidate is more prevalent in the American population, especially on college and university campuses, than the condition of interest. The neurotoxicological profile and NMU epidemiology of prescription stimulants is of direct relevance to primary care physicians and psychiatrists as they are the providers most frequently tasked with the treatment of ADHD and the surveillance of substance misuse behaviors in the young adult population. As comprehensive literature reviews of the mechanisms and potential adverse sequelae of prescription stimulant-induced neurotoxicity intended for medical clinicians have been quite sparse in the last decade—especially given the gravity of the issue—this article includes a brief primer on ADHD etiology and pathophysiology; considers the current state of NMU epidemiology; reviews the mechanisms of action of AMP and MPH; and, finally, summarizes known molecular and clinical manifestations of AMP and MPH neurotoxicity.

State and Evolution of the Investigación y Educación en Enfermería Journal from a Metric Analysis

Objective. To analyze levels of production, reach, and thematic development of the Investigación y Educación en Enfermería journal from a scientometric analysis. Methods. The study collected 1,066 articles corresponding to the period between 1983 and 2020. The scientometric analysis was carried out from three components of descriptive analysis: performance of the publication, geographic reach, and thematic development. The first two used data consolidated from articles published in the Open Journal System at Universidad de Antioquia. The third component captured the bibliographic references from the Web of Science and Scopus databases and from the Google Scholar and Lens academic search engines. Results. In terms of the production analysis, the Journal shows stable behavior sustained over time with international reach regarding authorship. In the thematic setting, the Journal concentrates on two large clusters: 1) research on human factors from different perspectives and 2) cross-sectional studies differentiated mainly by sex. With respect to emerging clusters, on one side, a thematic pillar is seen with studies in young adult population and another in matters related to the educational process and nursing students. Conclusion. The Journal has maintained outstanding behavior in terms of production over time, aligned with very good visibility for potential authors internationally; something not easily accomplished for most journals in Colombia. Likewise, its production has had a thematic domain to a greater extent related to human factors associated with the nursing practice.

Identification of Atrial Fibrillation Risk Variant RS2200733 In Indian Young Adult Population

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that affects millions of people. a substantial genetic contribution to AF has been identified by number of studies over the years. The SNP that is often linked with genetic predisposition to AF is rs2200733 located in the intergenic region close to PITX2 gene which is implicated in cardiac structure and function. rs2200733 is commonly observed in major global populations. Our study aimed to establish the prevalence of this important SNP among young healthy adults in order to assess the risk of genetic susceptibility which could culminate into AF later in life. The study identified a substantial frequency of rs2200733 in Indian population at 21%.