Uganda former PM aspirant will provoke backlash

Subject Pre-election politics in Uganda. Significance The long-expected announcement on June 15 by sacked Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi that he will run for president will bring bitter tensions between him and President Yoweri Museveni out into the open. It is highly unlikely to threaten the latter's 30-year rule but may provoke internal disruption within the ruling party as Museveni makes an example of internal dissent. Impacts Loyalty among the military and police forces will remain central to Museveni's power. Museveni effectively distances himself from graft scandals, while Mbabazi's reputation remains tarnished by several high-profile cases. Oil firms could see some benefits, if Museveni decides to assure them of his solid hold on power. The government was already likely to unleash inflation-inducing spending during the election, but Mbabazi's campaign increases this risk.

The Social Logic of Disease in Guiyijun Dunhuang

Like its companion ‘Illness, Threat and Systems of Authority in Dunhuang’, this article takes up the relationship between disease and institutional structure. It suggests that action taken towards the sick in Guiyijun Dunhuang was formulated within the larger framework of ritual politics, and was intimately related to the problem of rationing, that is, of differentiation in access to esteemed positions and privileged goods. The notions found in Chinese medical theory cohered with the foundational divisions in Guiyijun society: ideas of the body as a network of storehouse-organs mapped directly on to the material order of a society founded on institutions which were holders of stored energies in the form of a control of storehouses. The power of the government, the Buddhist church and families involved differentiated control over these stored energies and entailed constant monitoring and adjustment of inputs and outputs. The problem of ranking in social relations and the circulation of forces within the body, it is thus suggested, were interrelated phenomena. The form of threat to which this particular system was most prone was simultaneously internal disruption in the balance of relationships between storage-organs and the risk of a wholesale takeover of the system by hostile external forces. This corresponds to two different therapeutic strategies in response to illness in the Guiyijun, those of internal medical adjustment and public ceremony.

Formation and Evolution of Hierarchical Systems

Initial distributions of primordial binaries used in realistic N-body simulations give rise to bound subsystems of different multiplicity. An examination of the formation process shows that the most compact triples arise via binary-binary collisions, whereas higher-order systems have diverse origins. Low formation rates are compensated by long life-times, leading to a significant population building up. Being fairly energetic, the outer orbit tends to shrink by further encounters. In addition, external perturbations also modify the eccentricity and may create conditions for instability. Onecharacteristic outcome is internal disruption by the sling-shot mechanism. Such interactions are often sufficiently energetic to produce high-velocityescapers and it is not uncommon for triples and quadruples to be ejected. For high inclinations, the eccentricity growth induced by the Kozai effect may lead to significant shrinkage of the inner binary orbit by tidal circularization. If some of the components were spit into a dynamically inactive ultra-hard binary, the hierarchies would be attributed an even higher multiplicity. One implication of these results is that a proportion of multiple systems observed in the field may have been formed in a dynamical environment.

Schistosoma mansoni: larval damage and role of effector cell(s) in the synergy between vaccine immunity and Praziquantel treatment

A number of authors have demonstrated that the schistosomicidal compound, Praziquantel (Pzq), depends for its action upon the immune status of the host (Sabah et al. 1985; Brindley & Sher, 1987; Doenhoff et al. 1987). We have attempted to define the synergistic interaction between immuno- and chemotherapy further, using the murine irradiated vaccine model of schistosomiasis mansoni. In vaccinated mice, resistance operates in the skin but not the lungs; drug targeted towards lung-stage worms exacerbates lung-phase immunity, however, as depicted by the increased number and size of inflammatory reactions in the pulmonary tissues. Parasites are often found trapped within such foci. In the present investigation, light and ultrastructural studies have been utilized to examine the nature and extent of damage inflicted upon lung-stage larvae recovered from day 6 Pzq-treated vaccinated mice. Such studies have revealed that damage involves muscle disorganization, internal disruption and occasionally, loss of the tegument; in the latter case, cells are often seen attached to the denuded lung worms. To identify the crucial cellular effector cell(s) involved in the synergy between immuno- and chemotherapy, cell depletion studies have been performed in vivo. It would appear from these experiments that eosinophils or lymphocytes rather than neutrophils or macrophages are important effector cells in this synergy. Histological studies argue in favour of eosinophils being the key effector cells.