A new approach to internal disruption analysis with the five‐camera soft‐x‐ray diagnostic on RTP

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Tanzi ◽  
H. J. de Blank ◽  
A. J. H. Donné
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Disruption

Comprehensive Methods for Studying Microinhomogeneity in Thermal Spray Coatings with Amorphous-Crystalline Structure

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grigorenko ◽  
A. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Thermal Spray Coatings ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Coatings

Abstract An integrated approach was developed for investigation of thermal spray coatings with the amorphous-crystalline structure. The new approach combines methods of metallography, differential thermal and X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. This makes it possible to reveal structural, phase and chemical heterogeneity, determine the degree of amorphization of coatings, temperature and heat of crystallization of the amorphous phase during heating. The new integrated approach was used to study amorphous-crystalline coatings of the Ni-P, Fe-Ni-B and Fe-B systems produced by thermal spraying.

scholarly journals Exploiting superspace to clarify vacancy and Al/Si ordering in mullite

IUCrJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Klar ◽  
Iñigo Etxebarria ◽  
Gotzon Madariaga
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vacancy Ordering ◽  
Harmonic Modulation ◽  
First Time

Synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction has revealed diffuse scattering alongside sharp satellite reflections for different samples of mullite (Al4+2xSi2−2xO10−x). Structural models have been developed in (3+1)-dimensional superspace that account for vacancy ordering and Al/Si ordering based on harmonic modulation functions. A constraint scheme is presented which explains the crystal-chemical relationships between the split sites of the average structure. The modulation amplitudes of the refinements differ significantly by a factor of ∼3, which is explained in terms of different degrees of ordering,i.e.vacancies follow the same ordering principle in all samples but to different extents. A new approach is applied for the first time to determine Al/Si ordering by combining density functional theory with the modulated volumes of the tetrahedra. The presence of Si–Si diclusters indicates that the mineral classification of mullite needs to be reviewed. A description of the crystal structure of mullite must consider both the chemical composition and the degree of ordering. This is of particular importance for applications such as advanced ceramics, because the physical properties depend on the intrinsic structure of mullite.

scholarly journals Controlled Growth of CdS Nanostep Structured Arrays to Improve Photoelectrochemical Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangang Jiang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Hongchang An ◽  
Guangyuan Du
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Straight Rod

CdS nanostep-structured arrays were grown on F-doped tin oxide-coated glasses using a two-step hydrothermal method. The CdS arrays consisted of a straight rod acting as backbone and a nanostep-structured morphology on the surface. The morphology of the samples can be tuned by varying the reaction parameters. The phase purity, morphology, and structure of the CdS nanostep-structured arrays were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The light and photoelectrochemical properties of the samples were estimated by a UV-Vis absorption spectrum and photoelectrochemical cells. The experimental results confirmed that the special nanostep structure is crucial for the remarkable enhancement of the photoelectrochemical performance. Compared with CdS rod arrays, the CdS nanostep-structured arrays showed increased absorption ability and dramatically improved photocurrent and energy conversion efficiency. This work may provide a new approach for improving the properties of photoelectrodes in the future.

A new approach to synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction computed tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lazzari ◽  
Christopher K. Egan ◽  
Simon D. M. Jacques ◽  
Taha Sochi ◽  
Marco Di Michiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray

Slope-Ratio Technique for the Determination of Trace Elements by X-Ray Spectroscopy: A New Approach to Matrix Problems

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Cuttitta ◽  
Harry J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Residual Matrix ◽  
Matrix Problems

A new approach to solving matrix problems in x-ray fluorescence analysis of trace elements has been applied to the determination of bromine in saline waters and zinc in silicates. The method requires no prior knowledge of the chemical composition of the sample. Marked matrix effects are minimized by dilution, and the problem of variable backgrounds due to residual matrix effects is solved by using a slope-ratio technique. In this proposed technique, the slope of a standard curve prepared from pure solutions is compared with that of spiked samples. The ratio of the slopes of these two curves permits the calculation of an adjusted background which does not significantly differ from that of an absorbent impregnated with the sample matrix free of the element sought. Experimental parameters concerning the technique are presented. The excellent agreement of the zinc and bromine data with analytical results obtained by more conventional methods suggests that the technique can be used for the determination of other trace constituents in geologic materials. Application of the slope-ratio technique to other modes of instrumental analysis appears feasible.

scholarly journals New Approach for X-ray Microimaging of Live Cells in the Carbon Window at Subzero Temperatures with the Use of Antifreeze

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takemotoa ◽  
I. Narumi ◽  
K. Satoh ◽  
T. Ohigashi ◽  
H. Namba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Cells ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Subzero Temperatures
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