Technological Aspects of Introduction of 8-Week Model at the Phase of Direct Training for Competitions of Highly Qualified Multi-Sport Athletes in Track-And-Field Athletics

The purpose of study was to develop and to substantiate experimentally the efficiency of the 8-week model of the stage of direct training for main competitions of highly qualified multi-sport athletes in track-and-field athletics. Material and Methodology. 5 highly qualified multi-sport athletes having a sports qualification of the Master of Sports of Ukraine took part in the pedagogical experiment. The average age of the participants was 25.2±1.79 years. The technological basis for introduction of combined events competitions of track-and-field athletes into the requirements of the 8-week model of the phase of direct training for main competitions was constituted by: an algorithm of the individual program for training multi-sport athletes for competitions, which reflects the consistency of actions for the purpose of preparing the athletes to perform given tasks; programming of the training process, which shows the directions of performance of tasks during specific mesocycles while taking into account the feasibility of the development of components of technical and physical preparedness and types of combined events competitions in track-and-field athletics; structuring the process of straining and recovery, which determines the permissible levels and intensity of training loads during separate sessions and microcycles. Results. We reduced the magnitude of training loads (up to 3233 min) and increased their intensity (up to 6.51 points·min-1) during the forming experiment at the phase of direct training for competitions, which allowed to achieve peak sports form and evoke additional resources in the organism of athletes. The introduction of the developed 8-week model of the direct training stage contributed to a statistically significant improvement in the indicators of physical preparedness of the studied multi-sport athletes in running tests by 2.3-3.1%, while it made 4.4-4.9% in the tests representing speed and strength qualities and 4.5-4.9% in strength control exercises (p < 0.05). The improvement of the results of most disciplines in the range of 1.7-5.3% (p < 0.05) confirms the efficiency of the developed 8-week model of the phase of direct training. Conclusions. Solution of specific tasks during final weeks before the main starts requires the establishment of optimum volumes of training work and load dynamics, combining training sessions with training loads of various orientation and magnitude, using rest and recovery means as a whole complex, ensuring operative and current control over the course of recovery and adaptation processes. Taking the aforementioned problems into account, we have developed an 8-week model at the phase of direct training for competitions, in which three mesocycles were determined with strictly defined tasks and corresponding training content.

Complications of surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents

Introduction. In modern literature, there are still debates on causes of the most common complications after surgeries for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents and their risk factors. Currently, there are growing potentials to reduce the length of patients’ postoperative stay in hospitals, but it arises the need for attending physicians to know better the main types of complications of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis after surgery, their risk factors so as to predict and avoid them, to develop an individual program for patient’s management in the postoperative period, especially for patients from the risk group.Material and methods. Literature search was done in databases Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, using key words, on complications of surgical correction of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.Results. On analyzing the obtained literature data, two large groups of postoperative complications were described in details: somatic and neurological. In addition to most common complications, some rare ones are described too which include superior mesenteric artery syndrome and distant deep infections.Conclusion. Over the past twenty years, the incidence of postoperative complications after surgical correction of scoliotic deformities has significantly decreased. When analyzing findings of various trials, it can be concluded that the overall complication rate decreased in 2004-2007 from 5.7% (2000-2003) to 4.95% and then to 0.98% (2013-2016). Despite the general decrease in the incidence of complications, the latter still remain a problem for clinicians. The basic risk factors for such complications are: concomitant renal pathology, large volume of surgical blood loss, significant increase of exposure to anesthesia and surgical intervention, application of stainless steel constructions, anterior or combined surgical access, refusal of intraoperative neuromonitoring.

The role of educational cycles in the training system for vitreoretinal surgeons. Ten years of WetLab work experience in Kazan

Purpose. To analyze the ten-year experience of the WetLab educational course on vitreoretinal surgery in Kazan, to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-stage approach in the training of vitreoretinal surgeons. Material and methods. Since 2011, 210 doctors from 47 regions of the Russian Federation and 5 neighboring countries completed the Wetlab educational course in Kazan. C 25 courses have been conducted. After completing the course, the trainees participated in various seminars and master classes on vitreoretinal surgery, an individual training and mentoring program was organized. Results. More than 80% of the students, within 2 years after completing their studies on the main course and subsequent participation in additional educational activities, began to independently perform vitreoretinal surgeries. More than 50% of graduates today know all the main methods of modern vitreoretinal interventions. Conclusion. The effectiveness of multi-stage training of vitreoretinal surgeons is shown. Multi-stage training includes at the first stage a basic theoretical course and practicing practical skills within the WetLab program, at the second stage – participation in specialized seminars and master classes, supervision of a graduate of the course by a teacher-mentor according to an individual program. Such a training system for vitreoretinal surgeons allows about 80% of those who have completed training to start independent work after training. Keywords: vitreoretinal surgery, ophthalmology, training.

Prevalence of risk factors for arterial hypertension among draft age youth

Background. The currently observed diseases of the circulatory system getting younger, the increase in the incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) and the high mortality rate of men of working age in Russia are elements of one of the main medical and social problems. The identification of risk factors (RF) for the development of hypertension in young patients and the identification of the groups with the highest risk of cardiovascular events in their future adult life is aimed at preventing hypertension, early treatment initiation, increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality. Aim. To study the prevalence of the main modifiable RF associated with arterial hypertension among draft age youth. Materials and methods. The identification of RF, their qualitative, quantitative description, assessment and comparative analysis among men with normal and high blood pressure (BP) of varying degrees. Results. In the control group without hypertension, 37.1% of the subjects did not have any RF; 48.6% of the surveyed each had one RF; 14.3% were persons with two RFs. There were no people identified with three or more RFs. In the study group with AH, 27.0% of patients did not have any RF; 37.4% of patients had one RF; 22.6% of patients with two RFs; 9.5% of patients with three RFs and 2.6% of patients had four RFs. The occurrence of each RF in the control group without hypertension and in the study group with hypertension as a whole is presented as follows respectively: overweight/obesity 37.1 and 59.1%; smoking 34.3 and 38.3%; alcohol abuse 0 and 2.6%; physical inactivity 8.4 and 12.2%; hypercholesterolemia 2.9 and 20.9%; hypertriglyceridemia 5.7 and 16.5%; hyperglycemia 5.7 and 5.2%. Conclusion. RF is widespread in young men, regardless of BP level. More than 60% of draft age youth without hypertension have at least one RF. Among all modifiable RFs, the highest frequency of occurrence is associated with increased weight and smoking. Overweight or obesity is always found in individuals with two or more RFs. Among men with hypertension, people with obesity, low physical activity and impaired lipid metabolism are more common than among men without hypertension. Risk assessment in draft age youth presents certain difficulties. Identification and assessment of risk factors will make it possible to develop an individual program for their modification, prevention of the development of hypertension and detection of the disease in the early stages.

ANALYSIS OF QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY OF MEDICAL-SOCIAL CARE (ON THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)

For older people and people with disabilities, not only medical, but also social assistance is extremely important. As a result of sociological surveys of the population of the Russian Federation in 2015, 2017, 2019, it was determined that the share of respondents (people over working age and people with disabilities) who are provided with social services free of charge (almost half of those surveyed in 2019) is increasing. However, the share of respondents who are completely satisfied with the quality of social services is declining. The share of respondents who are only partially satisfied with the quality is increasing. The vast majority of respondents (persons above working age and people with disabilities) have gained the necessary facilities at their own expense, with an equal proportion among the urban and rural population. An analysis of responses about an individual program of medical rehabilitation measures developed for a people with disabilities revealed an increase in the proportion of respondents who are suitable for this program, taking into account their health status (from 57.1% in 2015 to 65.2% in 2019). There is a decrease in the share of respondents who indicated the presence of deficiencies in the provided technical means of rehabilitation and/or the procedure for obtaining them (from 31.0% in 2015 to 28.2% in 2019). As the main shortcomings, the respondents indicated: "difficulty and laboriousness of obtaining", "inadequate quality", "waiting time for receiving funds". Relatives (acquaintances) are sources of necessary medical or sanitary and hygienic procedures for people over working age and disabled people; the overwhelming majority of those surveyed are satisfied with such procedures.

Tolerance of Dosed Physical Loads in the Rehabilitation of Patients With a Recent Experience of Myocardial Infarction or Unstable Angina

Objective: The study of reaction to dosed physical load of patient with recent experience of myocardial infarction or unstable angina to assess objectively physical condition and performance, to appoint an adequate individual program of physical rehabilitation and to optimize the effectiveness of the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation of this category of patients.Design: Study and observational analysis.Parameter: The subsidiary «Sanatorium-resort rehabilitation center «Slaviansk resort», the sanatorium «Yubileiny», Ukraine.Participants: Patients with recent experience of myocardial infarction or unstable angina who arrived at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation from cardiological hospitals of Donetsk and Lugansk regions (Ukraine).Intervention: Non-invasive treatment (i.e. therapeutic exercise)Results: 3530 patients who arrived at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation from cardiological hospitals of Donetsk and Lugansk regions (Ukraine) on 29,4 ±2,4 day of illness were examined. Men accounted for 64%, women - 36%. The average age of the patients was 54,4 ±1,8 years old. 1127 people (31,93 %) had a Q-positive myocardial infarction (MI), 388 people (10,99 %) – a Q-negative, 2015 people (57,08 %) – an unstable angina.When studying the tolerance to dosed physical activity, threshold or inadequate reactions were observed in 144 patients (12.78%) who had Q-positive myocardial infarction, 13 patients (3.35%) who had Q-negative myocardial infarction and 89 patients (4.42%) who had unstable angina. Threshold or inadequate responses in patients with recent experience of Q-positive myocardial infarction were recorded 3-4 times more often. The electrocardiographic examination revealed most often changes in the terminal part of the ventricular complex in the form of inversion or reversal of T waves, to a greater extent in patients who had Q-positive myocardial infarction.Conclusions: It was found in the course of study that patients with recent experience of Q-positive myocardial infarction master less physical activity at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation than patients of other groups. Our study has shown that an insufficient level of physical activity does not give an optimal effect in increasing the functional reserves of the cardiovascular system and the body as a whole, and insufficient control of an increase in the level of physical activity is fraught with negative consequences.Careful selection of optimal physical activity for this category of patients allowed to prescribe adequate physical activity to patients and avoid possible complications.

Using Margaret Carr's Learning Stories For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parental And Teacher Feedback

This study explored the potential of Margaret Carr’s (2001) learning stories framework to assess the learning of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Parents of four children with ASD who were enrolled in a pre-school program undertook writing learning stories of their children at home over a two-week period. During the same time period, a teacher who is also the researcher in this study, created learning stories for these children in the pre-school classroom. At the end of the two-week period, the parents and the teacher/researcher met to compare and discuss their stories and use the information to create individual program planning (IPP) goals for the four children. Findings indicate that these discussions helped to clarify the children’s behaviours and actions resulting in the development of more meaningful IPP goals. All the parents felt their participation in the process to have greatly benefited their child’s programming. However, questions arose regarding whether it was the actual format of the learning stories themselves, or whether it was the dispositional attributes in Carr’s framework which resulted in rich discussions.

Using Margaret Carr's Learning Stories For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parental And Teacher Feedback

This study explored the potential of Margaret Carr’s (2001) learning stories framework to assess the learning of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Parents of four children with ASD who were enrolled in a pre-school program undertook writing learning stories of their children at home over a two-week period. During the same time period, a teacher who is also the researcher in this study, created learning stories for these children in the pre-school classroom. At the end of the two-week period, the parents and the teacher/researcher met to compare and discuss their stories and use the information to create individual program planning (IPP) goals for the four children. Findings indicate that these discussions helped to clarify the children’s behaviours and actions resulting in the development of more meaningful IPP goals. All the parents felt their participation in the process to have greatly benefited their child’s programming. However, questions arose regarding whether it was the actual format of the learning stories themselves, or whether it was the dispositional attributes in Carr’s framework which resulted in rich discussions.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ADRB2 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND EXTERNAL RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Objectives. To study the role of the ADRB2 gene polymorphism (rs1042713) in the impaired external respiratory function in children with bronchial asthma (BA). Material and methods. The study group included 60 children aged 3-17 years with allergic (n=37) and mixed form of BA (n=23). The genotyping of the investigated gene locus was performed by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism), BA control was exercised using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Results. The analysis of allele frequencies showed an association of allele A with normal spirogram parameters in patients with BA (p=0.042). In children under 12 years, there were statistically significant differences in spirogram indices when comparing patients with genotypes AA and GG (p=0.045). An association of allele A with the absence of pathological changes was revealed when evaluating the results of spirometry (p=0.021). There was a moderate positive correlation (r=0.615, p=0.011) between the assessment of nocturnal symptoms (Asthma Control Test) and the genotype of the ADRB2 gene polymorphism in children aged 12 years and older. Conclusions. An association of the ADRΒ2 gene polymorphism (rs1042713) with the external respiratory function was revealed in an objective study by spirometry and a subjective assessment of this indicator by the patient himself/herself or by his/her parents. This gene locus can be included in the BA target panel in order to determine the likelihood of uncontrolled course development of the disease with impaired external respiratory function and in the future to develop an individual program for dispensary observation of the patient.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND ERGOTHERAPY AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

Reformation of Ukrainian rehabilitation system is changing approaches gradually to providing aid for the patients of different age at all stages (in-patient, sanatorium, dispensery). Rehabilitation examination of a patient, establishment of rehabilitation goals, conduction of rehabilitation manipulations, further correction of rehabilitation individual program require different multidisciplinary collaboration of different professions in many branches of life to achieve physical, psychological, emotional and social wellness. The article presents the analysis of the current curricula for professional training of students in specialty 227 «Physical and Occupational Therapy» at bachelor and master's levels in Ukrainian universities. The approaches of branches in professional training analysis were analyzed using the data from the Unitary State Electronic Database on Education and universities’ websites. Here, the main focus is on the professional components of the universities’ curricula at bachelor and master's levels. Formation of multidisciplinary approach in professional training of specialists in physical rehabilitation in Ukraine requires from universities maximum autonomy in mentioned specialty according to the standards and recommendations for providing quality in European higher education environment. The possibility of combining the acquired theoretical knowledge of the cycle of rofessional training disciplines in the field of "Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy" in universities of Ukraine with practice directly on clinical bases provides a comprehensive and step-by-step approach to each patient in future specialists.