The Translation Method of Kinesics and Expression Elements

An accurate translation are works that are hard to be identified as a translated piece. A translation work must be done based on the needs of the target reader or target language. To produce a natural work of translation, translator must take into account the methods, principles and certain approaches. Based on the chosen approach, the translator can only transfer the meaning and the author’s emotions are also important to convey in the translation text. This is to ensure that the original meaning from the source text is preserved in the translated text. In the translation of novel, the important element is the content of the translation rather than its exterior form. In this paper, several translation methods are used in an effort to ensure that the original message of the author reaches the target reader. Among the methods examined and researched are paraphrase, transposition, idiomatic, dynamic equations and descriptions methods.

The Optimal Tuning, within Carbon Limits, of Thermal Mass in Naturally Ventilated Buildings

What proportions should a thermally massive building have? How should the thermal mass be distributed? Should the "massing" change with the choice of material? This paper shows how to optimize the physical proportions of a building so that it synchronizes ambient heat exchanges in a natural feedback cycle. The internal mass is thermally coupled with buoyancy ventilation; the cycle is driven by the daily swing of outdoor temperature. Tripling up functions in this way—so that structural materials can reliably cool and power the ventilation for buildings—could help decarbonize the construction industry and provide an effective strategy for adapting to life-threatening heatwaves. Based on harmonic analysis, the method allows designers to thermally tune the form and mass of a building to meet chosen targets for temperature and ventilation in free-running mode. Once the optimal balance of exchange rates is known, design teams can proportionally vary the building height and ventilation openings against the surface area and thickness of an internal thermal mass. The possible permutations are infinite but parametrically constrained, allowing teams to fairly compare the functional and environmental credentials of different construction materials while they produce and evaluate preliminary options for organizing the exterior form and interior spaces of a building. An example study suggests that thin-shell structures of minimum weight, and even timber buildings, may be optimally tuned to produce ample ventilation and temperature attenuation.

The Optimal Tuning, within Carbon Limits, of Thermal Mass in Naturally Ventilated Buildings

What proportions should a thermally massive building have? How should the thermal mass be distributed? Should the "massing" change with the choice of material? This paper shows how to optimize the physical proportions of a building so that it synchronizes ambient heat exchanges in a natural feedback cycle. An internal mass is thermally coupled with buoyancy ventilation; the cycle is driven by the daily swing of outdoor temperature. Tripling up functions in this way—so that structural materials can reliably cool and power the ventilation for buildings—could help decarbonize the construction industry and provide an effective strategy for adapting to life-threatening heatwaves. Based on harmonic analysis, the method allows designers to thermally tune the form and mass of a building to meet chosen targets for temperature and ventilation in free-running mode. Once the optimal balance of exchange rates is known, design teams can proportionally vary the building height and ventilation openings against the surface area and thickness of an internal thermal mass. The possible permutations are infinite but parametrically constrained, allowing teams to fairly compare the functional and environmental credentials of different construction materials while they produce and evaluate preliminary options for organizing the exterior form and interior spaces of a building. An example study suggests that thin-shell structures of minimum weight, and even timber buildings, may be optimally tuned to produce ample ventilation and temperature attenuation.

COUNTERFEIT PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS AS RESEARCH OBJECT IN CRIMINALISTICS

Counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs are investigated as a subject of a criminal encroachment in the structure of criminalistic characteristics of falsification and circulation of counterfeit drugs. Main channels and sources of receipt of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs on the Ukranian pharmaceutical market are analyzed. It is proved that structuring of effective method of investigation into examined category of crimes involves carrying out a criminalistic analysis of the criminal encroachment subject and its significance for the structuring of a criminalistic description of these crime. Concept and criminal significant signs of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs are investigated. It is substantiated that criminalisic feature of the subject of a criminal encroachment other than a criminal law is that it is a consequence of the perceiving and tracing objects of living and inanimate nature, their qualitative and quantitative indices, physico-chemical and consumer properties individualize subject in material world. It is noted that one of the areas of improving the methodology for investigating falsification and circulation of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs is the study and systematization of data on the subject of a criminal encroachment, identification of regular relationships between hіm and other elements of the criminalistic description of investigated crime сategory. The criminalistic classification of counterfeit drugs according to forgery method; pharmacological group; exterior form; a protecting method of packaging or labels; legal regime for pharmaceutical drug treatment is proposed. It has been proved that subject of a criminal encroachment as a structural element of the criminalistic description of falsification and circulation of counterfeit drugs is important for detection, disclosure and investigation on this crime category, as this is an important source of actual information that allows modeling the mechanism of crime committing and provides an opportunity to gather evidence of such criminal activity while investigation. Scientific approaches and suggestions for solving the controversial issues of criminalistic research of counterfeit drugs are formulated and their significance for formulation and implementation of the investigation methodology of this crime category are indicated.

The Glittering Gold of the Paintings in the Great Hall of Õisu Manor’s Main Building

Regardless of its fragmentary and ruined condition, the painting find described in this article provides a small reference to what existed in the interiors of the Õisu Manor and affirmation of the fact that, as expected,the interior design corresponds to the splendour of the manor’s exterior form. The complete design of the room admittedly cannot be reconstructed on the basis of what has survived, yet the work of conservators has made it possible to read that which has survived. The analogies provided in the article and the imagination of the spectator make it possible for each individual to create his/her own picture of what the original whole of the spatial design once looked like.

An intrinsic and exterior form of the Bianchi identities

We give an elegant formulation of the structure equations (of Cartan) and the Bianchi identities in terms of exterior calculus without reference to a particular basis and without the exterior covariant derivative. This approach allows both structure equations and the Bianchi identities to be expressed in terms of forms of arbitrary degree. We demonstrate the relationship with both the conventional vector version of the Bianchi identities and to the exterior covariant derivative approach. Contact manifolds, codimension one foliations and the Cartan form of classical mechanics are studied as examples of its flexibility and utility.

Analisis Tingkat Kebisingan di Kawasan Kampus Universitas Putra Indonesia (UPI) di Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Kota Padang

The purpose of this research is to analyze the data measuring the noise level in the campus of the University of Putra Indonesia (UPI). Measurement point exterior and interior consists of 12 points and 7 points. The measurement method is based on Decree of the Indonesia Minister of Environment No. 48 of 1996 on Baku Noise is a method simple way by using Sound Level Meter. The highest level of exterior noise when L1 at the point of the Campus Gate UPI (1A) of 73.72 dB (A). The noise level in the afternoon (LS) between 69.63 to 61.60 dB (A), the noise level night (LM) between 48.10 to 38.72 dB (A) and the day-night noise level (LSM) between 67.91 to 59.93 dB (A). The highest current interior noise levels of activity in Building D (2B) of 69.96 dB (A), while the highest level of interior noise occurs at the point when empty Building G (7B) of 69.37 dB (A). Value exterior noise when the time L1-L4 exceeds Raw Noise Level while the value of interior noise when the condition activity partly exceeded Raw Noise except Building G (7B) and the value of noise when empty condition partly exceeds the noise level except Building UPI Sport & Exhibition Hall (1B), Building B (3B) and Building A (4B). Control recommendations exterior form of vegetation while the interior of the control building construction improvements. Keywords: noise, University of Putra Indonesia (UPI) campus, exterior, interior, control alternative recommendationABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis data pengukuran tingkat kebisingan di kawasan Kampus Universitas Putra Indonesia (UPI). Titik pengukuran eksterior dan interior terdiri atas 12 titik dan 7 titik. Metode pengukuran berdasarkan KepMen LH No. 48 Tahun 1996 tentang Baku Tingkat Kebisingan yaitu metode cara sederhana dengan menggunakan alat Sound Level Meter. Tingkat kebisingan tertinggi eksterior pada saat L1 di titik Pintu Gerbang Kampus UPI (1A) sebesar 73,72 dB(A). Tingkat kebisingan pada siang (LS) antara 69,63-61,60 dB(A), tingkat kebisingan malam (LM) antara 48,10-38,72 dB(A) dan tingkat kebisingan siang-malam (LSM) antara 67,91-59,93 dB(A). Tingkat kebisingan interior tertinggi saat aktivitas di Gedung D (2B) sebesar 69,96 dB(A) sedangkan tingkat kebisingan interior tertinggi saat kosong terjadi di titik Gedung G (7B) sebesar 69,37 dB(A). Nilai kebisingan eksterior saat waktu L1-L4 melebihi Baku Tingkat Kebisingan sedangkan nilai kebisingan interior saat kondisi aktivitas sebagian melebihi Baku Tingkat Kebisingan kecuali Gedung G (7B) dan nilai kebisingan saat kondisi kosong sebagian melebihi baku tingkat kebisingan kecuali Gedung UPI Sport & Exhibition Hall (1B), Gedung B (3B) dan Gedung A (4B). Rekomendasi pengendalian eksterior berupa penanaman vegetasi sedangkan pengendalian interior berupa perbaikan konstruksi bangunan.Kata kunci: kebisingan, kampus Universitas Putra Indonesia (UPI), eksterior, interior, rekomendasi alternatif pengendalian

Nature of Evil in Macbeth

“It is a statement of evil” (Knight 18). “The Whole play may be writ down as a wrestling of destruction with creation” (Knight 140). “It contains the decisive orientation of Shakespearean good and evil” (Traversi 86). The above statements serve to prove that Macbeth is Shakespeare’s most profound and mature vision of evil. In this play, Shakespeare presents the overspreading influence of evil over the guilty and ambitious minds which lead them to commit the most treacherous villainy that affect not only the man and the state, but the family and the physical universe as well. But this evil is not the one that finally triumphs, Shakespeare in this play also provides the essential morality and courage which in their progression defeat the evil and restore the natural order of things. This paper endeavors to present the various viewpoints from which this evil can be interpreted. It shows how Shakespeare has depicted the transformation of a good person to a ghastly figure. The effect of evil in Lady Macbeth is also analyzed. The paper also tries to examine whether this evil is purely psychological or has an exterior form. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12940 The Arts Faculty Journal Vol.4 July 2010-June 2011 pp.185-194