Flurbiprofen: A Study of the Behavior of the Scalemate by Chromatography, Sublimation, and NMR

2-(2-Fluoro-4-biphenyl) propionic acid (flurbiprofen), from the phenylalkanoic acid family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s), is currently on the pharmaceutical market as a racemate. This racemic compound was tested for its propensity to undergo the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon by various forms of chromatography (SDEvC), such as routine gravity-driven column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), as well as by sublimation (SDEvS). Furthermore, examination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in various solvents found that flurbiprofen exhibited the phenomenon of self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA). By measurement of the diffusion coefficient (D), the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), and the transverse relaxation time (T2) using NMR, as well as by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) examinations, the preferred intermolecular association was found to be solvent dependent, e.g., heterochiral association was preferred in toluene, while homochiral association was preferred in more polar solvents. This study also attempted, unsuccessfully, to correlate the NMR measurements of flurbiprofen with chromatographic outcomes for the rationalization and prediction of chromatographic results based on NMR measurements. Because the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the acid groups in flurbiprofen overwhelmingly predominates over other intermolecular interactions, flurbiprofen seemed to represent a good test case for this idea. The behavior of scalemic samples of flurbiprofen is important, as, although it is currently dispensed as a racemate, clinical applications of the R enantiomer have been investigated. SDEvC and SDEvS both have ramifications for the preparation, handling, and storage of enantioenriched flurbiprofen, and this concern applies to other chiral drugs as well.

An iridoid, lamiide, its extraction method from Phlomis bruguieri, and evaluation of its antioxidant capacity

Phlomis bruguieri is a native plant in Iran, which deserves phytochemical study. The aim of this study was evaluation of its iridoid contents along with its antioxidant capacity. Aerial parts of the plant material were extracted with methanol and applied on repeated normal column chromatography using hexane: chloroform (70:30), chloroform: methanol (90:10), and methanol (100%). The fraction eluted with methanol (100%) containing polar glycosides was selected and medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on a RP-18 cartridge. Fraction elute by MeOH: water 30:70 was loaded on HPLC on RP-18 column for final purification. Structure elucidation was done using 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectra. Antioxidant activity including total antioxidant capacity, DPPH and FRAP methods were designated to assess the in vitro antioxidant capacities. This study indicated the presence of lamiide as iridoid compound in the aerial parts of Phlomis bruguieri for the first time in this plant [350 mg/2 kg; 0.0175 % (w/w)]. Lamiide showed moderate antioxidant activity using TAC (EC50: 55 μg/mL; ascorbic acid EC50: 7.5 μg/mL), DPPH (EC50: 116.2 ± 3.51 μg/mL; ascorbic acid:34.7 ± 0.97 μg/mL), and FRAP (EC50:>200 μg/mL; quercetin: 7.5 ± 0.68 μg/mL) methods.

Preparative separation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors originating from Saxifraga sinomontana employing medium-pressure liquid chromatography in combination with reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Preparative separation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors originating from Saxifraga sinomontana employing medium-pressure liquid chromatography in combination with reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

A New Cytotoxic Dimeric Sesquiterpene Isolated from Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Root): In Vitro and In Silico Analyses

A new dimeric sesquiterpene named disesquicin (compound 1) was isolated from Inula racemosa roots by normal-phase MPLC (Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography), and its structure was established by using extensive spectral analysis. Compound 1, when tested on different human cancer cell lines, showed marked cytotoxic activity (IC50 (µg/mL): 5.99 (MDA-MB), 9.10 (HeLa), and 12.47 (A549)). Docking study revealed that it binds at the catalytic domain of PLK-1 and interacts with catalytic site residues Leu59, Gly60, Lys61, Gly62, Cys67, Ala80, Lys82, Leu130, Arg136, Ser137, Leu139, Glu140, Lys178, Gly180, Asn181, Phe183, and Asp194. The binding of compound 1 to PLK-1 is spontaneous in nature as evident by a free energy of—8.930 kcal mol−1, corresponding to a binding affinity of 3.54 × 106 M−1. Results showed that compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic potential that was further confirmed by in vivo investigations.

Selective recovery of polyphenols from MDF process waters by adsorption on a macroporous, cross-linked pyrrolidone-based resin

A scalable, fixed-bed adsorption system for the removal and selective recovery of polyphenols (lignans and stilbenes) from medium-density fiberboard (MDF) process waters was developed. Before adsorption, fibers and non-colloidal substances were removed from process water by centrifugation, while colloidal fatty and resin acids were removed by filtration through a 30-kDa cut-off membrane. Polyphenols were then isothermally adsorbed on a medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) column packed with Divergan® RS, a regenerable macroporous, cross-linked pyrrolidone-based [polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)] resin. Loading at acidic pH and subsequent gradient elution of polyphenols with methanol were monitored at 280 nm, and elution conditions for selective polyphenol recovery were optimized based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of the obtained fractions. Lignans were eluted in successive fractions containing the individual lignans in different proportions, followed by pinosylvin in a separate fraction. The capacity of the PVPP for hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) as a model lignan was determined to be 37.4 mg g−1 at 1% breakthrough. Highly polar substances such as sugars and sugar alcohols, however, were not retained on the column and remained in the flow-through. The results revealed the benefits of PVPP for the recovery of potentially valuable polyphenols from MDF process waters while reducing carbon load and toxicity for subsequent biological treatment.

PURIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COMBINATION OF HEMI-SYNTHESIZED THIOSEMICARBAZONES OF MITRACARPUS SCABER ZUCC

The harvested Mitracarpus Scaber plants are identified in the national herbarium and registered under the number AA. 6252/HLB. During this work, three crude extracts are prepared from three organic solvents, namely dichloromethane; ethanol and hydro ethanol in 50/50 v/v proportion. The respective alkaloid extracts obtained from the corresponding crude extracts served as substrates for the hemi synthesis of thiosemicarbazone totals from thiosemicarbazides. The three hemi-synthesis products obtained were tested on eight (08) strains of germs, namely E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. faecalis ATCC 22921, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, C. albicans ATCC 10231, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae and Dermatophilus 146. The ethanolic extract of thiosemicarbazones exhibited the best bioactive activity and was found to be the most selective. By a series of bio guided chromatographies: TLC thin layer chromatography; CPA atmospheric pressure chromatography and medium pressure liquid chromatography. MPLC (medium pressure liquid chromatography), separation on dextran gel: Sephadex® LH20). The use of available spectral data, cross-checked with that of the literature, made it possible to identify and purify three (03) molecules of thiosemicarbazones, making it possible to study the biological activity of their combination. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf Affiliation: Sana'a university, Yemen E-mail: [email protected] Name: Prof. Dr. Amani S. Awaad Affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj. KSA E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: ANTIFUNGAL, CYTOTOXIC AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF AERIAL PART OF RANUNCULUS MURICATUS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF BAPHIA NITIDA