A Dwarf French Bean - Anisia

Phaseolus vulgaris is one of the most important vegetables with high nutritional value consisting in proteins, iron, magnesium, folic acid and complex carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to obtained a dwarf french bean genotype with the following characteristics: yield and quality potential, earliness and extreme environmental conditions. The variety was obtained by repeated individual selection and now is submitted to the conservative selection program. For all agro-morphological characters, descriptive statistics were calculated. The pods of Anisia beans are yellow and have a simultaneous maturation, easing the harvesting process. The average weight of a pod at consumption maturity was 4.23 g. The yield potential of fresh pods varies between 18-20 t/ha. From our studies, Anisia cultivar is suitable for cultivation both organically and conventionally. The research has been completed with obtaining of a new variety of dwarf french bean that has been registered in the Official Catalogue of Romanian Crop Plants under the name ‘Anisia’. The variety has a distinct phenotypic expressiveness with a high yield and quality potential.

Yield stability of common bean genotypes in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the grain yield and stability of common bean genotypes, as well as the representativeness and discrimination ability of locations in multi-environment trials (METs), using the GGE biplot analysis. The grain yield of 27 genotypes was evaluated in 16 trials carried out in nine locations, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the first and second crop seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. As the trials were neither conducted in all locations, nor in all growing seasons of both years, a highly unbalanced dataset was used. Genotype 5 (CHC 01-175-1) was the most productive and stable, common bean genotype and can be considered the closest one to the ideal for the target region. Furthermore, this genotype performs well in both crop seasons, outperforming all the evaluated checks; therefore, it has the potential to be released as a new cultivar. Chapecó can be considered the ideal location for the selection of common bean genotypes, in the state of Santa Catarina, since it shows high representativeness and discrimination ability in the rainy and dry crop seasons.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POTASSIUM DOSES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DROUGHT-SENSITIVE BEAN PLANTS

Root, stem and leaf development are all negatively influenced by drought stress which causes losses in yieldand quality and ultimately serious economic losses for growers. This study was conducted to see the efficiencyof potassium treatments in reducing the negative effects drought stress on yield and quality of beans largelyconsumed in Turkey. Zulbiye bean cultivar sensitive to drought stress and V71 bean genotype which wasalso previously identified as sensitive to drought stress were used as the plant materials of the experiments.Bean seeds were sown in 2 L pots filled with perlite. Different potassium (K) doses of 0 (control) ppm K,500 ppm K, 100 ppm K and 2000 ppm K were applied to seed sown pots. Seeding was performed as tohave two plants in each pot and experiments were conducted in randomized blocks factorial experimentaldesign with 4 replications with 4 pots in each replication. Pots were irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solutionthroughout the experiments. Irrigations were totally terminated on 20th day for drought stress plants. Following15 days of stress conditions, plant height, fresh weight, root collar diameter, number of leaves and leafsize, leaf relative contents and membrane damage index values were determined. It was concluded based onpresent findings that 2000 ppm K treatment was more efficient in reducing the negative effects of droughtstress on investigated growth and development parameters.

Phenotypic and molecular determination of anthracnose disease resistance in Lake Van Basin’s bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

In this study, the resistance levels to anthracnose disease [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Lambs. Scrib.] of 92 bean genotypes collected from different parts of the Lake Van Basin were investigated by artificial inoculation and molecular markers. The resistance levels of bean genotypes to the isolate 11# of anthracnose disease were determined by classical inoculation method in a climate chamber condition, and the presence of resistance gene related markers in bean genotypes was determined by using four SCAR primers [SAS13 (950 bp, Co-42), SC08 (910 bp, Co-4), SF10 (1072 bp, Co-10), SZ04 (567 bp, Co-6)] and one RAPD [OA181500 (1500 bp, Co-15)] primer. In the artificial inoculation, the bean genotypes were evaluated according to the 0-9 scale, and the four of them having a value between 0 and 3 were found as resistant to this isolate of anthracnose, but the rest of them having a value between 4 and 9 were determined as sensitive. With molecular markers, it was found that the 82 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-42 allele; the 54 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-4 allele; the 6 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-10 allele; the 36 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-6 allele; and the 15 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-15 allele. The only bean genotype having all resistance markers was the genotype G81, whereas the bean genotypes G27, G28, G40, G76, and G86 had no resistance associated molecular markers.

EFFECT OF POTASH FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON AND ZINC ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO GENOTYPES OF MUNG BEAN

A filed experiment was conducted at Ehssay village-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc on yield and its quality of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates. The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron (0, Fe 150, Zn 100 and Fe 150 + Zn 100) mg.L-1 and two mung bean genotype (Local and Indian VC6089A10). The local genotype gave the highest rate of the number of pods (32.13 and 36.28) pod.plant -1and seed yield (573.0 and 601.8) kg.ha-1, while the indian genotype was superior in weight of 100 seed (6.66 and 7.29) gm for both seasons respectively. The level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium gave the highest average of seed yield (635.4 and 663.6) kg.ha-1, while the level 120 kg.ha-1 gave heighest average of number of seeds per pod (7.6 and 7.5 seed.pod-1) and protein percentage (26.18 and 25.82)% for the two seasons respectively. The concentration of Fe 150 mg Fe.L-1 and Fe + Zn (Fe 150 + Zn100 mg.L-1) recorded highest values for most of yield traits for both seasons. The foliar application of Fe gave seed yield (583.0 and 576.8) kg.ha-1, while foliar application of Fe+Ze gave highest average of seed per pod (7.6 and 7.2) seed.pod-1 and percentage of protein (27.17 and 27.11)% for both seasons respectively. A significant interaction between genotypes and potassium levels, the local genotype with 60 kg K.ha-1gave the heighest average of the number of pods (39.22 and 41.61) pod.plant-1 and seeds yield (703.6 and 756.9) kg.ha-1 for both seasons respectively, so the interaction between local genotype and concentration (Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 gave the highest average of number of pods, number of seeds per pod and protein percentage for the first seasons only. The interaction between the level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and the concentration Fe150 mg.L-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron showed significant superiority in seed yield (754.9 and 759.5) kg.ha-1 for both seasons respectively. The triple interaction was significant in most of traits under study, the local genotype that fertilized with 60 kg K.ha-1 and sprayed with Fe 150 + Zn 100 mg.L-1 gave highest average of seed yield (886.7 kg.ha-1) in the second season only.

Influence of Storage on Darkening and Hardening of Slow- and Regular-Darkening Carioca Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes

New carioca bean cultivars are being introduced into the market necessitating their evaluation under trade conditions, which often require storage under ambient conditions. We therefore evaluated the darkening and hardening processes of six carioca bean genotypes each representing regular and slow darkening trait during storage under ambient conditions for five months to elucidate their relationship as a breeding strategy. Storage time adversely affected color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, C* and ΔE) depending on bean genotype, whereas hardness and resistance to cooking increased during storage independent of the lignification process. Bean darkening and hardening occurred during storage at different intensities in each genotype and were not always correlated. BRSMG-Madrepérola, a slow darkening genotype, was unaffected (resistant to storage conditions), whereas BRS-Pontal with regular tegument darkening, was highly susceptible to storage conditions reflected in extended cooking time and darkening (low L* values). Principal component and cluster analyses on 8 constituents analyzed in this study demonstrate the difference in color characteristics, cooking time and hardness as major factors in segregating the bean genotypes. Seed coat color is an important but inappropriate single parameter for predicting the resistance to cooking or hardness induced by storage of carioca beans under ambient conditions. Development of carioca bean genotypes resistant to storage conditions is essential in reducing food losses during postharvest.