Smart Irrigation System Based on the Internet of Things and the Cloud

A water system is a technique for giving water to plants to grow and create. Water in plants or water systems is not a cutting-edge idea; it has been followed and applied from one century to another or decade to decade. Advances have developed in lockstep with time. At the point when we compare the 1980s and 2021, we see a sensational distinction in advances just as in the water system strategy. During the 1980s, the water system was accomplished utilizing furrows and wrinkles. A water system is a technique for providing water to the root zone at the ideal opportunity. Plants draw water from wet soil, and by the component of evapotranspiration (ET), plants come to pass water into the air while drawing supplements accessible in soil with water for root zone improvement. At the point when the stockpile of water in the root zone falls under a specific edge, plants can't draw supplements and water for sustenance. Thus, supply great water to the root zone before as far as possible is reached. This cutoff is controlled by the types of plants, soil, and environment. Since the edge cap changes relying upon the sort of plant. Logical booking requires the utilization of the proper volume of water at the fitting time frame and area inside the office. This requires consistent checking of soil dampness content at the root zone and the commencement of the water system as per a pre-modified timetable base on wear the idea of the plant, its turn of events, soil type, and environment. Accordingly, for logical water system booking, sensors should be planted close to the root zone in the dirt to get to the agent's dampness status. The signs created and recognized by soil dampness sensors should be prepared in a microcontroller for water system planning by predefined programming. The microcontroller ought to likewise be intended to hand off the sign to a far-off area where the siphoning and well framework for water system control is found. Also, the criticism of these sensors ought to be examined by the microcontroller as indicated by a foreordained program to end the water system relying upon the plant, its the degree of improvement, soil, and environment. This paper presents a cloud-based and web of things-based water system framework. This framework utilizes sensors to gather continuous water system information, stores information into the cloud, proprietor of information provides the order and suitable move is made on dependent on the outcome created.

Collapse of an axion scalar field

The manuscript deals with an interacting scalar field that mimics the evolution of the so-called axion scalar dark matter or axion like particles with ultra-light masses. It is discussed that such a scalar along with an ordinary fluid description can collapse under strong gravity. The end state of the collapse depends on how the axion interacts with geometry and ordinary matter. For a self-interacting axion and an axion interacting with geometry the collapse may lead to a zero proper volume singularity or a bounce and total dispersal of the axion. However, for an axion interacting with the ordinary fluid description, there is no formation of singularity and the axion field exhibits periodic behavior before radiating away to zero value. Usually this collapse and dispersal is accompanied by a violation of the null energy condition for the ordinary fluid description.

COSMIC INFLATION IN BIANCHI TYPE IX SPACE WITH BULK VISCOSITY

In present paper we have constructed the Bianchitype-IX inflationary universe under framework of the effect of bulk viscosity and flat potential. To developed inflationary model we have consider the supplementary criteria that shear coefficient is directly proportional to expansion scalar which provides an appropriate relation with coefficients of metric $b=a^n$ where n is non-negative constant other than one.We conclude that rate of Higgs field decreases with time and proper volume V is increasing function of time which indicates that universe is expanded continuously. To find solutions of fields equations, we assume $ \xi \theta = \alpha$ (constant) as given by Brevik et al. where $\xi $is coefficient of bulk viscosity and $\theta$ expansion in model. The presence of bulk viscosity provides inflationary solution in current model. The model isotropize in special case. The cosmological parameters of model are also studied.

TAX CONTROL OVER THE ACCRUATION AND PAYMENT OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX

The solid financial system in Ukraine is impossible without effective and effective tax control, which should ensure not only the financial interests of the state (filling the revenue part of the budget), but also to comply with the rights of taxpayers. From compliance with the requirements of the current legislation, such as the timeliness of accrual and payment of taxes and fees, the legalization of income depends on the value of tax revenues. Evasion of payment, incomplete payment, violation of taxpayers and fees, a large size of the shadow economy leads to the non-fulfillment of the revenue part of the budget, and therefore, before the implementation of state target programs, reducing the costs of social needs. The article deals with the essence, content and tasks of tax control. Declaimed elements of tax control, calculating and paying personal income tax. An obstacle to the prevention of tax offenses becomes tax control. The effectiveness of control and test measures depends on the effectiveness of tax control. Along with these fiscal authorities, they must not only control and attract taxpayers who are taxable, but also contribute to increasing overall financial and economic stability in the state. Consequently, the issue of tax control and determination of inefficient actions in the process of its implementation by fiscal control bodies are currently up to date. The stages of tax audits are analyzed, calculating and paying personal income tax, as well as responsibilities and penalties in detecting violations. To date, timely and in the proper volume of payments to budgets are extremely important, because it allows to provide funding to its functions and support its proper functioning. The bulk of mandatory payments are tax revenues that cope with payers in the form of certain taxes. A significant number of payers want to avoid paying taxes, or seeks to undergo their tax liabilities. Therefore, tax control is extremely important, which allows not only to provide payment, but also to detect violations and prevent him. In general, tax control provides the opportunity to accelerate payers, obtaining the necessary information and to control the fulfillment of tax duty.

Evaluation of volume change in oral cavity proper before and after mandibular advancement:

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the tongue and oral cavity proper volume in pre- and post-bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) patients, and to establish whether there was a correlation between them. Materials and Methods A retrospective study that evaluated 12 patients' pre- and post-surgical computed tomography records satisfying the inclusion criteria. Borders were defined for measurement of tongue and oral cavity proper volume. The volume assessment was carried out using 3D slice software. Results The mean difference of tongue volume was 5.7 ± 1.7 cm3, which showed high statistical significance. The mean difference of oral cavity proper volume (OCVP) was 6.9 ± 3.4 cm3 and indicated high statistical significance. A very strong positive correlation existed between pre- and post-surgical tongue volume. Positive correlation was also evident between pre and post - surgical OCVP. Medium positive correlation was noted when the difference between pre- and post-surgical tongue and OCVP were assessed. Conclusions There was a significant change in volume of tongue and oral cavity proper after BSSO advancement surgery. The space around the tongue, position of tongue, and maxillary and mandibular relationship influence the volume of tongue and oral cavity proper.

Methodical Bases of Formation of the Multimodal Transportation`s Single Tariff

The multimodal transportation development is a priority of Ukraine's transport policy due to the unique transport and geographical position at the intersection of European and Eurasian roads, international transport corridors.However, there is no legislation on the multimodal transportation in Ukraine. Thus, it is relevant to determine the legal and organizational basis of multimodal transportation, legal status of participants in such transportation, state support for multimodal transportation and related infrastructure. Today, the transport system of Ukraine has the low level of development of transport infrastructure to ensure the proper volume of the multimodal transportation. There are not enough multimodal transport terminals in Ukraine. Due to the lack of state support and the lack of a favorable investment climate, there is no development of existing multimodal infrastructure facilities. The formation procedure of tariffs for multimodal transportation in Ukraine is imperfect. The article considers the main provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine "On Multimodal Transportation" and reveals its imperfections in the formation of a single tariff. The international experience of rates formation and the main stages of this process are studied. It is offered the methodical approach of formation of the multimodal transportation`s single tariff based on unification of key elements of technological process on which transport costs are formed. The conceptual bases of ensuring the transport infrastructure development on the basis of multimodality have been improved. It is given the author's vision of the terms "multimodal transportation", "intermodal transportation", "combined transportation".

Point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate volume status in severe hyponatremia

A 51-year-old man was hospitalised for severe hyponatremia. Initial history and physical examination suggested hypovolemia, and he was treated with normal saline at 100 mL/hour. After several days, his hyponatremia failed to improve, and then worsened without resolution of presenting ataxia and fatigue. He had no new complaints including no cough or orthopnea. He had no jugular venous distention or oedema, and his lungs were clear to auscultation. Point-of-care ultrasound was used, revealing a distended inferior vena cava, pulmonary oedema and pleural effusion, suggesting hypervolemia. Based on ultrasound findings, we treated with 60 mg oral torsemide two times per day. Hyponatremia resolved without complication within 48 hours. In this case, physical examination failed to recognise volume status change from hypovolemic to hypervolemic, increasing hospitalisation and morbidity. The point-of-care ultrasound proved to be an accurate tool for proper volume evaluation, and may be used as an adjunct to physical examination for hyponatremic patients.

Infusion therapy in newborns

Infusion therapy during the neonatal period is prescribed if it is not possible to start enteral nutrition for infant (breast milk/formula) or if it is necessary to maintain (correct) concentration of glucose and/or electrolytes. The main objective of infusion therapy is to maintain the proper volume of extracellular fluid. For adequate infusion therapy, it is necessary to determine physiological needs for fluids, calculate pathological losses, choose a solution for infusion therapy, calculate the amount of electrolytes administered, and determine the rate of infusion. Despite the fact that infusion therapy has been used widely and for a long time, there are still many unresolved issues, and the main ones are still «When?», «What?» and «How much?»

Abstract TP90: Advance: Automated Detection and Volumetric Assessment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) accounts for approximately 15% of all strokes but carry high rates of morbidity and mortality. The location and volume of hematoma are strongly associated with outcomes. As novel treatments become established, early detection and proper volume measurement are becoming increasingly important. We aim to evaluate an artificial intelligence-based algorithm (Viz-ICH® v1.4) for ICH detection, volume measurement, and its differentiation from intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Methods: We performed single center retrospective analysis of non-contrast CTs (NCCTs), randomly picked from prospective cohort of acute stroke patients, with and without parenchymal ICHs, admitted to our stroke center from 02/14-03/17. Experienced stroke neurologists graded NCCTs with a semi-automated tool (OsiriX MD v.9.0.1) for presence and volume of ICH, and also presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). AI- and human-based readings were compared. Results: A total of 211 NCCTs were evaluated including 163 ICHs and 48 controls. The ICH location was basal ganglionic in 55.8%, Lobar in 23.3% and posterior fossa in 12% of the cases and 51.5 % of patients had associated IVH with mean volume 41.94 cc. The AI algorithm demonstrated high accuracy for ICH detection and volumetric measurement (Table). The maximal running time of the algorithm was under 15s. Conclusion: The presence and volume of ICHs can be accurately detected by AI Viz-ICH Algorithm, with good differentiation from IVH which will help in early triage of these patients.

MOTOR SIMULATION ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT STUDENTS GROUPS OF SPECIALTIES

Introduction and purpose of the study. The article is devoted to theoretical substantiation of models of specially organized motor activity of students of different groups of specialties. The urgency of this problem is due to the fact that the decrease in motor activity of student youth, which is observed in the current conditions of intensification of education, causes the deterioration of health, decrease in physical fitness and working capacity of future specialists. The hypothesis of the study - the use of models of specially organized physical activity in the system of physical education of students of different groups of specialties, will allow to ensure the proper volume of their physical activity and will contribute to better training of future specialists for fulfilling their professional duties. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the models of motor activity of students of different groups of specialties in order to ensure the proper volume of motor activity and improve the quality of training of future specialists to perform their professional duties. Materials and methods: analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological literature data; pedagogical observation, sociological (questioning, questioning); method of expert evaluation, methods of mathematical statistics. The researches were conducted on the basis of institutions of higher education of the city of Dnipro - DNU, PDABA, DUAN. 60 teachers of physical education departments and 180 students of different specialty groups participated in the study. Results. The analysis of the scientific and methodological literature shows that one of the reasons for the deterioration of the state of health and the decrease of the physical fitness of the student youth is the insufficient level of physical activity. In order to solve this problem, the authors substantiate the models of physical activity of students of different groups of specialties, which are based on the combination of different forms of physical exercises, developed in accordance with the recommendations of teachers of the departments of physical education; the importance of various sports and exercise for the development of professionally important qualities; duration of self-preparation. The models are aimed at achieving the optimum level of physical activity of students within the recommendations of the current basic program in the discipline "Physical Education". Conclusions. The results of the peer review indicate the feasibility of using the proposed models to achieve the optimal level of motor activity of students, strengthen their health, improve physical fitness, improve the quality of training of future professionals. Keywords: students, different specialty groups, models, physical activity