Liutex Core Line for Vortex Structure in Turbulence

Liutex is a vortex identification method that provides a vector interpretation of local fluid rotation. Liutex produces a vector quantity which can be used to determine the absolute and relative strength of a vortex, the local rotation axis of a vortex, the vortex core center, the size of the vortex core, and the vortex boundary. Vortex identification and visualization is essential in computational fluid turbulence analysis and fluid mechanics in general. Until Liutex, there has not been a way to identify the core of a vortex structure or even the center of rotation of a vortex structure. Since Liutex, tools have been created to assist in the identification and analysis of vortical structures. The Liutex Core Line has been developed to better understand turbulent fluid structures. A Liutex core is defined as a concentration of Liutex vectors and defined to be unique and the Liutex core line is the center of rotation of that Liutex core. Currently, iso-surfaces are the most popular way to visualize the structure of turbulent flow but there is no reason to believe that it is the best way to represent a vortex’s structure. Previous methods that use iso-surface are strongly threshold dependent and since the Liutex core line is unique, it is independent of threshold and can show the real vortex structure. In this paper we show the benefits and promises of the Liutex Core Line as a better way of representing vortex structures.

Transient Thermal Field Analysis in ACCC Power Lines by the Green’s Function Method

The paper investigates the dynamics of the thermal field of the ACCC (aluminum conductor composite core) line. The system was heated by solar radiation and current flow. Conductor cooling was modeled using the total heat transfer coefficient as the sum of convective and radiative components. The temperature increase generated by the current is described by a system of parabolic differential equations with an appropriate set of boundary, initial and continuity condition. The mentioned boundary-initial problem was solved by a modified Green’s method, adapted to the layered structure of the system. For this purpose, Green’s functions, as the kernels of integral operators inverse to differential ones, were determined. Aluminum resistivity and heat transfer coefficient change significantly with temperature. For this reason, the solution to the problem is presented in the form of a lower and upper estimation of the heating curve and local time constant. A steady-state current rating was also determined. The results are presented graphically and verified by other methods (power balance and finite element). The physical interpretation of the presented solution is also given.

Tracheobronchial injuries: tertiary center experience

Background Tracheobronchial injury is a rare and serious outcome of thoracic trauma. The aim of this study was to describe our experience in the management of tracheobronchial injuries. Methods We reviewed the presentation, line of management, and results of all 23 patients (17 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 27.87 years, who presented with traumatic tracheobronchial injuries and were admitted to the level 3 trauma center of our university emergency hospital over an eight-year period. Results Blunt trauma was the leading cause (73.9%) of injury. Bronchoscopy was routinely performed. A right thoracotomy was carried out in 73.9% of patients. The right main bronchus was the most common site of injury (30.4%), followed by the trachea in 26.1%. Pulmonary resection was undertaken in 5 cases. Three operative mortalities were recorded. Conclusion Tracheobronchial injuries can be treated conservatively or ideally by surgical repair which is the core line of treatment. Surgery has excellent outcomes depending on skillful use of bronchoscopy and the surgeon’s experience of the surgical approach and technique.

Coca-Cola Amatil: A Bottler Recharging Growth With Energy Drinks

How does a mature business develop new growth markets, assuming it already has new products? That was the challenge facing The Coca-Cola Company and its global system of bottlers in the 2000s when demand for its core line of carbonated soft drinks flattened. The Australian bottler, Amatil, pinned its hopes on energy drinks, a fast-growth, youth-oriented category that was capturing headlines and share away from traditional products. To wrest control from the upstart brands that originated them, Amatil was targeting the retail context where young people congregated and formed their preferences, in pubs, nightclubs, healthclubs, and sporting events. This international case explores the challenges encountered when a mature company with considerable distribution assets, well-honed systems, and entrenched operating procedures attempts to sell into an underserved retail channel with requirements quite unlike those of the company's mainstream buyers. How does it attract market interest? How does it develop new routes-to-market without undercutting the cost efficiencies and delivery value that have earned it dominant position elsewhere? How does it win over what could be its core customers of the future without alienating today's faithful? These are just some of the questions that Amatil management was determined to solve.Understand issues related to retail channel strategy development in fast-changing international consumer markets, and the challenges of adapting legacy routes-to-market systems to changing consumer demands.