Helminth parasites of cultured Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study examined helminth parasites of cultured Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. A total of 60 fish samples (30 each of C.gariepinus and T. zillii) were subjected to parasitological examinations. Results revealed a total of 47(78.33%) fishes infected with various species of parasites: Nematodes (Camallanus polypteri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, and Procamallanus laevionchus), Cestodes (Polyonchobothrium torulosus and P. clariae) and Trematodes (Dactylogyrus extensus and Glossiduim pedatum) in decreasing order of abundance. Out of the 60 fish samples examined, 47 were infected with 219 parasites: 142(64.84%) nematodes, 40(18.26%) cestodes and 37(16.89%) trematodes. A total of 159(72.60%) parasites were recovered from C. gariepinus out of which 103(64.78%) were nematodes, 19(18.45%) were cestodes and 37(35.92%) were trematodes. While 60(27.40%) parasites were recovered from T. zilli, of which 39(65.00%) were nematodes and 21(35.00%) cestodes. No trematode was observed in the tilapia. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 78.33%. The results of chi square analysis showed that females of both species had significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of infection 27(84.4%) than males 20(71.4%). Also, C. gariepinus had higher infection rate of 25(83.33%) when compared to 22(73.33%) recorded in T. zillii. Key words: fish parasites, aquaculture, prevalence, C. gariepinus, T. zillii

Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kapasitas Produksi Ikan Asap Melalui Sistem Paparasi (Pengasapan Terintegrasi) Di Desa Tambaksari, Kecamatan Rowosari, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah

AbstrakKecamatan Rowosari memiliki potensi perikanan yang sangat baik karena didukung oleh letaknya yang strategis dan berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Jawa. Produk ikan laut ini dimanfaatkan oleh warga Desa Tambaksari yang diolah menjadi produk ikan asap. Proses pengasapan yang masih sederhana dan belum tersentuh teknologi ini sehingga kapasitas produksi yang sedikit dan kurangnya higienitas pada proses pengasapan. Proses pengasapan ikan yang memerlukan waktu 7 – 8 jam serta hasil ikan asap yang terpapar di rak terbuka membuat produk ikan yang dihasilkan kurang higienis karena lalat dapat hinggap pada ikan tersebut. Untuk itu diperlukan teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan kapasitas dan higienitas produk ikan asap yaitu dengan sistem paparasi. Dengan sistem paparasi proses pengasapan dapat ditekan hingga 3 – 4 jam serta tingkat higienitas yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: Pengasapan Ikan, TerintegrasiImprovement Of Quality And Capacity Of Asap Fish Production Through Paparation System (Integrated Finging) In Tambaksari Village, Rowosari District, Kendal Regency, Central Java AbstractRowosari District has excellent fishery potential because it is supported by its strategic location and directly adjacent to Java Sea. This marine fish product is utilized by Tambaksari villagers who processed into smoked fish products. The fogging process is still simple and untouched by this technology resulting in little production capacity and a lack of hygiene in the curing process. The process of fumigation of fish that takes 7 - 8 hours and the results of smoked fish exposed on the open shelves make fish products produced less hygienic because the flies can land on the fish. For that needed a technology that can increase the capacity and hygiene of smoked fish products with the system of paparasi. With curing process paparasi process can be pressed up to 3 - 4 hours and hygiene level better. Key words: Fish Smoking Kiln, Integration

Initial Development of Carnival Fish of Sweet Water: Systematic Review of Literature

The initial development of carnivorous fish in farms requires intensive care regarding nutrition and management, in order to avoid the stress that can lead to cannibalistic behavior, a major cause of mortality in larvae and juveniles of cultivated carnivorous species. The objective of this article was to evaluate the initial development of carnivorous freshwater fish in South American territory, focusing on the development of the digestive tract and feeding, through a systematic literature review, resulting from research in scientific databases, with the strategy of searching for the key-words: fish and larvae and development and digestive and Brazil and "name of the different species found", besides manual searches made in the bibliographical references of the articles selected. At the end of the selection, 17 articles, published between 2007 and 2017, were included in the review. It was verified that the ontological evaluation of the digestive system of the larvae’s is of major importance to adapt the nutritional management to the needs of the young animals, reaching higher productivity of carnivorous fish.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS SUMBERDAYA IKAN PADANG LAMUN DI TELUK EKASLOMBOK TIMUR

Research on seagrass fishes resources condition was conducted in the intertidal zone of Ekas Bay, East Lombok. Sampling of fishes was conducted using the swept area method with beach seine. The result of this research in three station showed that the degree of fishes diversity was low. There was a strong indication that the fishes species in the research area were dominated by certain fish species. In general, the firtility of Ekas Bay coastal water was semilar with the other coastal waters, however the environmental condition mainly the low of persentage of seagrass covering in the research location was the main couse of the low diversity of seagrass fish of the area. High exploitation followed by destruction methods of exploitation can be the main causes of fish degradation habitat, mainly in the seagrass of Ekas Bay, East Lombok. Key words: fish habitat, Lombok, marine,seagrass fishs AbstrakPenelitian kondisi sumberdaya ikan padang lamun telah dilakukan di wilayah intertidal Teluk Ekas, Lombok Timur. Pengambilan sampel ikan menggunakan metode swept area dengan pukat pantai (beach seine) di tiga stasiun pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman ikan di lokasi penelitian rendah. Ada indikasi yang sangat kuat bahwa dominansi suatu jenis ikan di setiap stasiun pengamatan. Secara umum, kesuburan perairan Teluk Ekas relatif sama dengan perairan lainnya, namun kondisi lingkungan terutama persentasi penutupan padang lamun yang rendah menjadi penyebab utama rendahnya keanekaragaman ikan padang lamun di lokasi penelitian. Tingkat eksploitasi yang tinggi disertai dengan cara eksploitasi yang tidak mempertimbangkan kesinambungan pemanfaatan sumberdaya menjadi penyebab rusaknya habitat ikan, khususnya padang lamun di Teluk Ekas, Lombok Timur. Kata kunci: ikan padang lamun, habitat ikan, laut, Lombok.

Pelaksanaan monitoring, controlling, surveillance kapal pengangkut ikan di atas 30 GT di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung (Implementation monitoring, controlling, surveillance on fish transport vessels above 30 GT in oceanic fishery harbor Bitung)

ABSTRAK Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan melalui Pangkalan Pengawasan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan Bitung bertugas memastikan kegiatan kapal perikanan yang pemberangkatan dan pendaratannya di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung sebagai pelabuhan pangkalan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian lebih ditujukan pada pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan kapal perikanan dan juga terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan illegal yang menyalahi peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dan juga penerapan sanksi terhadap kapal-kapal tersebut sebagai konsekuensi atas pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan metode deskriptif. Sanksi terhadap pelanggaran dilakukan berdasarkan pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yaitu petunjuk teknis pengawasan operasional kapal perikanan no Kep.143/DJ.PSDKP/2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tingkat kepatuhan terhadap aturan, berada pada tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi (76%-100%), dimana aturan yang dilaksanakan yaitu kesesuaian pelabuhan pangkalan, kesesuaian dokumen kapal, jumlah hari operasi dan kesesuaian jumlah ikan dengan kapasitas penyimpanan. Penerapan sanksi telah dilakukan terhadap kapal yang tidak patuh, dan hal ini telah menunjukkan efek yang baik bagi pelaku perikanan yang berpangkalan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung. Kata –kata kunci : kapal pengangkut ikan, pengawasan, kepatuhan. ABSTRACT The Directorate General of Marine Resources and Fisheries through the Marine and Fisheries Resources Supervision Base Bitung charge of making sure that the departure of fishing boats and catch landing in the Oceanic Fishing Port Bitung as their port corresponding Indonesia n Law. This research aimed at monitoring the compliance of fishing vessels and also against illegal activities that violate laws and regulations in force and also to the application of sanctions against the ships as a consequence of the violation. This research was conducted by descriptive method. Penalties for violations carried out by the legislation in force, namely the technical manual operational control of fishing boats no Kep.143 / DJ.PSDKP / 2012. The results showed that the percentage of degree of compliance with the rules on a high compliance rate (76% -100%), where the rules are implemented, namely the suitability of the base port, the suitability of the ship documents, the number of operation days and suitability of the number of fish with the storage capacity. The application of sanctions has been committed against non-compliant ships, and it has shown a good effect for the fishery based in Port of Bitung Ocean Fisheries. Key words : fish transport vessels, surveillance, compliance [1] Penulis untuk penyuratan; email: [email protected]

DISTRIBUSI DAN KELIMPAHAN LARVA IKAN PADA EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA PASAR BANGGI KABUPATEN REMBANG

ABSTRAK Kabupaten Rembang merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang terletak di pesisir Pantai utara Jawa Tengah yang mempunyai kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove seluas 106,66 ha. Ekositem mangrove di Kabupaten Rembang telah dikelola oleh masyarakat dan LSM setempat untuk dijadikan kawasan wisata dan masyarakat juga membuka lahan tambak yang dapat memberi tekanan bagi fungsi ekologis mangrove. Salah satu dampak yang sangat dikhawatirkan adalah terganggunya habitat vital serta perkembangan larva ikan di area asuhan hutan mangrove. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis famili larva ikan, distribusi, kelimpahan, keseragaman, keanekaragaman dan dominasi larva ikan di ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pasar Banggi Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2016. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, dengan interval waktu 1 minggu sekali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode stratified sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan larva ikan dari tujuh famili, yaitu: Gerreidae, Gobiidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Adrianichtyidae, Megalopidae dan Carangidae. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 0,087- 0,770, dengan nilai tertinggi di wilayah mangrove umur sekitar tiga tahun. Indeks keseragaman berkisar antara 0,062 – 0,555, nilai tertinggi juga pada wilayah umur mangrove sekitar tiga tahun. Nilai indeks dominasi berkisar antara 0,577 – 0,972, dengan nilai tertinggi pada wilayah mangrove berumur lima puluh tahun. Kelimpahan tertinggi larva ikan yang tertangkap pada lokasi penelitian didapat pada wilayah A (wilayah mangrove berumur sekitar lima puluh tahun) adalah sebesar 40 Ind/m3, wilayah B (wilayah mangrove berumur sekitar tujuh tahun) sebesar 22 Ind/m3 dan yang terendah adalah wilayah C (wilayah mangrove berumur sekitar tiga tahun) sebesar 19 Ind/m3.. Kata Kunci : Kelimpahan Larva Ikan; Mangrove; Kabupaten Rembang ABSTRACT Rembang Regency located in the northeastern part of Central Java which has 106.66 ha mangrove rehabilitation area. Mangrove ecosystem in Rembang has been managed by local communities and NGOs for eco-tourism. The local people also have actively cleared mangrove area for artificial ponds that are put an ecological pressure into mangrove ecosystem function. One of the important impact that needs to be concerned is the disruption of vital habitat as well as the development of fish larvae in mangrove area. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of fish larvae families, distribution, abundance, uniformity, diversity and dominance of larval fish in in the mangrove ecosystem of Pasar Banggi, Rembang. The samplings were conducted in April 2016 three times, with intervals one week. The sampling method was done by stratified sampling method. In three times sampling we obtained seven families of fish larvae in the following name: Gerreidae, Gobiidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Adrianichtyidae, Megalopidae and Carangidae. The diversity indices range between 0,087- 0,770, with the highest in level in mangrove area with mangrove age of three years. The uniformity index ranges between 0,062 – 0,555, the highest value is also in mangrove area with mangrove age of three years. The dominance index values ranging between 0,577 – 0,972, with the highest value in the in mangrove area with mangrove age of fifty years. Highest abundance of fish larvae were caught among the sites acquired in the area A ( mangrove area about fifty years ) is 40 Ind / m3 , region B ( mangrove area about seven years ) of 22 Ind / m3 and the lowest is the area C ( mangrove area about three years old ) by 19 Ind / m3 .Key Words: Fish Larva Abundance, Mangrove , Rembang District

Inventory of Fish Species and Local Fishermen Profile in Tagulandang Island, Sitaro District of North Sulawesi Province

This research was carried out on July-August 2016 in the villages of Apengsala, Mohongsawang and Balehumara in SITARO District of North Sulawesi Province. It aims to make inventory of fish species, record the number of the fish caught, and get the local fishermen profile. Samples were bought from local fishermen who just returned from fishing areas in the traditional fish market “Burias”. The data of fishermen profile and fishing gears were retrieved from 30 respondents of Apengsala, Mohongsawang and Balehumara fishermen. Based on the results of the identification, interviewing and questionnaire filling, the conclusions are as follows: 1) there are 23 species of fish usually captured by local fishermen. 2.) there are 5 types of fishing gears often used by fishermen : Spear gun (Jubi), “ Darape” net (soma darape), traps (bubu), “Rawai” Rod (pancing rawai) and “Cang” net (soma cang). 3.) The average age and the length of fishing profession from 30 respondents data, ranges from 27-60 years old and 4-41 years of profession (Apengsala) ; 32-50 years old and 9-31 years of profession (Mohongsawang) ; and 20-65 years old and 1-41 years of profession (Balehumara). Only 1 respondens who is not married yet, mostly finished their study until elementary school, and only 9 respondents have odd jobs. Local fishermen can still meet the needs of the family life with a dependent varied with 3-7 person/family. Key Words: Fish, Fishermen In Profile, Tagulandang. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2016 di Desa Apengsala, Desa Mohongsawang dan Desa Balehumara Pulau Tagulandang Kabupaten SITARO Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis ikan hasil tangkapan, mendata jumlah ikan hasil tangkapan dan alat penangkapan ikan, dan mendapatkan profil nelayan Pulau Tagulandang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tempat pendaratan ikan pasar tradisional Burias. Sampel yang diambil merupakan ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang baru saja kembali dari melakukan kegiatan penangkapan. Pengambilan data profil nelayan dan jenis alat tangkap diambil dari 30 responden dari ketiga desa. Bedasarkan hasil identifikasi, wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner pada nelayan Pulau Tagulandang, kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah sebagai berikut : 1). Ada 23 Jenis ikan yang sering ditangkap oleh nelayan Pulau Tagulandang. 2). Terdapat 5 jenis alat tangkap yang sering digunakan oleh nelayan Pulau Tagulandang, yakni Spear gun (jubi), soma darape, bubu, pancing rawai dan soma cang. 3). Berdasarkan data dari 30 responden, rata-rata usia dan lamanya berprofesi sebagai nelayan : usia 27-60 tahun dan 4-41 tahun profesi (Desa Apengsala) ; 32-50 tahun, 9-31 tahun (Desa Mohongsawang) ; 20-65 tahun, 1-41 tahun (Desa Balehumara). Hanya 1 responden yang belum kawin, mayoritas hanya mampu tamat sekolah dasar, dan hanya 9 responden yang memiliki pekerjaan sambilan. Adapun dari penghasilan dan pengeluaran, nelayan masih dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga dengan tanggungan yang berkisar 3-7 orang/keluarga. Kata Kunci : Ikan, Profil Nelayan, Tagulandang. 1Mahasiswa Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK UNSRAT 2Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi.

STATUS PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA UDANG OLEH PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI WILAYAH PESISIR KABUPATEN CILACAP (Utilitization Status of Shrimp by Small Scale Fisheries in the Coastal Area of Cilacap District)

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Fish stock in marine is dynamic due to fluctuation in the annual total catch. Consequently, the estimate number of fish stock changes yearly, without exception in the coastal of Cilacap District. This current study was intended to reassess the condition of fish stock utilization in the coastal water of Cilacap in 2012. Data of fish production, effort, fish price, and effort cost in 1999-2012 are taken from the Office of Fisheries Agency of Cilacap District. Analysis of fish stock condition is carried out using Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomic model. The results showed that utilization of marine fish resource in the coastal water of Cilacap District was in the condition of over fishing both in terms of MSY or MEY.</p><p>Key words: fish stock assessment, Gordon-Schaefer model, small scale of fisheries</p><p>-------<br />ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Stok sumberdaya ikan di suatu perairan laut selalu dinamis karena jumlah penangkapan ikan berubah setiap tahunnya. Konsekuensinya adalah bahwa dugaan stok ikan di suatu lokasi perairan juga berubah setiap tahunnya, tidak terkecuali di perairan pantai selatan Kabupaten Cilacap Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga status tingkat pemanfaatan stok udang oleh nelayan skala kecil di perairan pesisir Kabupaten Cilacap dengan tahun acuan 2012. Data produksi udang, data upaya penangkapan, data harga udang, dan data biaya per upaya penangkapan tahun 1999-2012 bersumber dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Cilacap. Analisis kondisi tingkat pemanfaatan stok ikan dilakukan menggunakan model keseimbangan bioekonomi Gordon-Schaefer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan laut di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Cilacap telah berada pada kondisi lebih tangkap (overfishing) baik dari segi MSY maupun MEY.</p><p>Kata kunci: pendugaan stok ikan, model Gordon-Schaefer, nelayan skala kecil</p>

PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN TEPUNG MAGGOT (Hermetia Illucens) DALAM RANSUM AYAM PEDAGING TERHADAP KECERNAAN KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR

EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF FISH MEAL WITH MAGGOT (Hermetia Illucens) MEAL ON CALCIUM (Ca) AND PHOSPHORUS (P) DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER CHICKEN. As an animal feed, maggot from black soldier fly (Hermetia Illucens) has high calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content. Yet, little is known about the digestibility of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the diet containing maggot. The present study was designed to determine the effect of substitution of fish meal with maggot (Hermetia illucens) meal in the diets on (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility of broiler chicken. Twenty day old chicks (DOC) CP 707 broiler chicken of about 1300-1500 g body weight were assigned to each dietary treatment which was replicated four times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) arrangment. The experimental diet consisted of 5 treatments and 4 replications, formulated as follow: R0 = 100% fish meal + 0% maggot meal; R1 = 75% fish meal + 25% maggot meal; R2 = 50% fish meal + 50% maggot meal; R3 = 25% fish meal + 75% maggot meal; and R4 = 0% fish meal + 100% maggot meal. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility were calculated using total collection method. Parameters measured were calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Tukey test (HSD) was employed to further analyze among treatment diferences. The results showed that calcium (Ca) digestibility was significantly (P < 0,05) increased as the level of maggot (Hermetia Illucens) meal in the diets increased; whereas the digestibility of phosphorus (P) was not significantly (P > 0,05) affected by the treatments. It can be concluded utilization of maggot (Hermetia illucens) meal up to 100% replaced fish meal or 15% in the diet, inreased calcium (Ca) digestibility and did not affect phosphorus (P) digestibility of broiler chicken. Key words: Fish meal, Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) meal, Calcium and Phosphours digestibility

The ichthyofauna of the brazilian surf zone: a compilation for ecological comprehension per region.

The ichthyofauna of the surf zones of the Brazilian coast was determined and characterized by the territorial division of Brazil. We compiled 22 scientific papers published in scientific journals which presented the distribution of fish species in these sites. Two hundred and thirty-nine species belonging to seventy-one families of fish were validated and listed. The northern Brazil showed no study in this habitat. The southeast region showed a higher richness of species, families and uniqueness of species, whereas the southern had lower values of richness among the regions studied. In the northeast, most of the unique species are associated with reef environments and the southern presented species typical in freshwater among the unique ones. Finally, the presence of 239 fish species and 71 families represents a considerable number for the ichthyofauna of the Brazilian coast surf zone, for this environment has been scarcely studied. However, because there have been found species inhabiting other environments and by the presence of 61 species with 100% frequency of occurrence in the three regions studied, it can be concluded that it is an ecologically important site. Key words: fish, sea beaches, trawls, Brazil, bibliography