Economic Analysis of Special Rate for Renewable Energy Based on the Design of an Optimized Model for Distributed Energy Resource Capacities in Buildings

Various incentive schemes are being implemented to improve the economic return of distributed energy resources (DERs). Accordingly, research on the optimal capacity design and operations of photovoltaic (PV) power generation and energy storage systems (ESSs) is important to ensure the economic efficiency of DERs. This study presents the models of optimal capacity and facility operation methods based on long-term operational changes of DERs in a building with self-consumption. Key policy variables are derived for a renewable energy system. We first analyzed the operating environments of the DERs according to the basic types of PVs and ESSs, and by examining the detailed benefit structure of a special rate for renewable energy. The optimal capacity of PVs and ESSs with the lowest net cost was estimated using various parameters in consideration of long-term operations (~15 years), and by setting rules for a special rate for renewable energy. It was confirmed that the combined use of peak and rate reductions constituted the most economical operational approach. A case study confirmed the economic sensitivity of cost and benefit analyses based on actual load data. Correspondingly, it is inferred that this study will identify core policy variables that can aid decision-making in the long-term perspective.

Investigation of Termomodernized Building's Microclimate with Renewable Energy

The values of indoor air temperatures in separate premises of the educational building of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine before and after the works on the thermo-modernization of the building were determined. A significant reduction in energy expenditure was achieved through the use of solar panels and solar collectors when changing the energy control algorithm and equipment for implementing this algorithm. The coldest rooms and premises with excess temperature are detected. The causes of uneven distribution of temperatures were analyzed. The possibility of equalizing the distribution of internal air temperatures and reducing the dependence of their values on fluctuations of external air temperatures is shown. With the help of the engineering methodology of calculation, energy efficiency of the so-called intermittent heating mode is demonstrated on the example of an educational room. It is shown that the use of the intermittent heating method can reduce energy consumption for heating. To further reduce energy costs, it is proposed to use a heat pump to compensate for peak loads and work at night at a special rate.

Public policy of GST in India: A study on pharmaceutical sector with special reference to Healthcare

India's greatest duty move is now a reality. 1999 was the year when GST was thought of. The amending bill for the full-powered launch of GST was approved by the Rajya Sabha on 8 August 2016, and it was enacted in late August. It is essential to comprehend that GST isn't a duty concession scheme where every good and service has become way cheaper just because the administration has decreased the duty rates. The single Revenue Neutral Rate (RNR) was a difficult system to manage, and thus the Indian govt. I wanted to fix it. Nonetheless, because of practical reasons, "four GST slabs have been set at 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%. Precious metals have a special rate. The rate of 18% would anyway be relevant for most goods. GST was enacted on 1 July 2017."

Sharīʿah issues on taʿwidh in Malaysia

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the current mechanism of taʿwidh (compensation) from the perspective of Shariīʿah, which is used by Islamic banking in Malaysia to deal with the issue of late payment. Design/methodology/approach This study is qualitative in nature, using semi-structured interviews carried out with two types of informant – members of the National Sharīʿah Advisory Council (SAC) and the Internal Sharīʿah committee (SC) – with regard to practicing taʿwidh. Findings The findings reveal taʿwidh is an alternative to the interest-based late payment penalty, which is prohibited in Islam. While taʿwidh finds justification in the hadith and maʿlaʿah, in respect of sustaining the competitiveness of the Islamic banking operation, its practice is still debatable because it is determined by a special rate instead of the actual loss. This paper addresses this issue by suggesting that even though the central bank has allowed Islamic banks to regard 1 per cent as their income, they should review that amount, and claim only the actual loss. The remaining money could be used for charitable purposes, which can be conducted by Islamic banks themselves. Research limitations/implications This study is limited because it focusses on the extent to which the current practice of taʿwidh in Malaysia has complied with Shariīʿah principles. It does not focus on gharamah (penalty), which is considered to be the second late payment penalty mechanism. Moreover, data are collected from nine interviewees from SAC and SC from different Islamic banks. Thus, the results cannot be generalised to other countries. Originality/value This paper highlights Shariīʿah concerns regarding the current application of taʿwidh. Moreover, as it uses primary data, it provides a fresh discussion of taʿwidh, from both the perspective of regulators in Malaysia and the experience of practitioners, particularly in terms of Shariīʿah compliance.

ON FORECASTING SOIL SUBSIDENCE OF SOIL IN THE SIDES OF THE QUARRY

In the work, analysis of development of mechanical erosion processes at edge pare of quarter deposits during forming of displacements of landslide hazard areas of open-pit sides under impact of environmental and climate factors is given. Thickness of season freezing of rock solid is up to 2.5m, it influences on forming of crack at landslide hazard area. As a result of day temperature changing and collection of soil water, crack growth at soils and rock along edge of open-pit side is activated significantly. Such destructions initiate cirque cleavage and soil subsidence in form of landslides developing with special rate on slope outcrops. Geomechanical monitoring of destructions in solid allows to predict reach of strain tolerance at different stages of deposit mining.

Mechanical and Fractographic Analyses of Monolithic Si3N4 Ceramics during Impact Testing

A comprehensive experimental and theoretical work aiming at studying the dynamic failure process of silicon nitride ceramics has been recently started. The main goal of this research programme consists in characterizing the mechanical behaviour of the material under dynamic loading as well as investigating the dynamic failure process using micro- and macro-fractography. The current paper deals with the phenomenon of special rate dependence of KId dynamic fracture toughness of Si3N4 based ceramics. The KId values have been determined during instrumented impact test on the one hand based on the dynamic key curve method using notched specimens, on the other hand based on fractographic analyses of fracture surface of impacted unnotched samples.