RESEARCH OF OPERATION TECHNOLOGY OF HEAVY LOADS PROCESSING POINTS

Target. The transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is considered one of the most important transport services that bring the greatest profit. This requires powerful equipment and highly qualified specialists. The modern system of organizing transportation provides for the acceptance and delivery of small shipments of heavy cargo yards, during which each shipment can be reloaded several times at the cargo sites. Despite the relatively average transportation distances within Ukraine, the number of processing can reach 3 times, and the time spent at such sites is several days. Therefore, an increase in the delivery time for heavy small consignments arises due to their long stay at the cargo yards. Improvement of the technology of cargo yards and their technical equipment is of paramount importance for improving the organization of transportation of heavy cargo by small consignments. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of technical equipment and technology of work of points for processing heavy cargo on railway transport, statistical analysis, mathematical theory of inventory management, methods of correlation analysis. Results. The analysis of the technology and technical equipment of heavy cargo handling points is carried out, recommendations for their improvement are given. The nature of the arrival of vehicles on the cargo front has been studied, the mode of using loading and unloading machines has been studied, and a method for optimizing the technical equipment of the cargo front has been provided. The method for determining the optimal capacity of sites for heavy cargo has been improved. Practical significance. The studies carried out have shown that there are reserves for improving the transportation of goods by heavy small shipments through the development and application of optimal technology. The main direction in reducing the idle time of wagons is to optimize the processes of handling heavy cargo: increasing the capacity of technical equipment, improving the system of operational planning and management of the operation of points for processing heavy cargo. The application of the methodology makes it possible to evaluate various options for technical equipment at reduced costs, to calculate the optimal capacity of processing points for local and transit heavy cargo using the mathematical theory of inventory management and methods of correlation analysis. The task of drawing up an optimal operational plan for sorting heavy cargo is reduced to a linear programming transport problem and is solved with the help of computer technology.

The Suitability Analysis of Land Use and Building from BIM to Spatial Detail Plan

The development in urban areas will continue to occur, such as the construction of settlements, offices, shops, educational and health facilities, and other supporting facilities. With the development that will always continue to occur in a nation, it will also increase the productivity in its city. The rapid development of urban activities will also followed by high demand for land. This can lead to land conversion. Therefore, it is necessary to use the land to its optimal capacity and manage it wisely in order to produce a quality space that is maintained for its sustainability. Rules and regulations are compiled into a plan in the Guidelines for the Preparation of Detailed Spatial Planning (RDTR). This research conducted in North Gandaria Urban Village because the buildings are divided into three environments, namely densely populated settlements, middle to upper settlements, offices and shops which based on geometrical aspects have various building forms from small to large ratios. Each building has different diverse land and building usages. In this study, land use suitability was identified by manual and digital classification, namely by image interpretation and classifying using the Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) method on SPOT-7 images which were then superimposed to produce land use maps. In addition, this study utilizes altitude data from LiDAR to complement building spatial data and is processed to BIM. BIM dimensions are made in 3D with Level of Development 100 or equivalent to Level of Details 1 which has a flat roof if converted. From this research resulted suitability of land use and buildings to carry out an analysis related to sustainability and can be used as consideration and input by the policy makers on spatial planning policies. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the suitability of land use was 95% classified suitable to spatial detail plan. To determine the suitability of the building in this study, it was seen from the activities of the building and the height of the building. Based on building activities, 9.30% of building activities that are not allowed and another 90.70% are classified as conditionally allowed buildings, allowed, limited alowed and limited and conditional. Meanwhile, based on the height of the building, there are 82.7% of buildings that comply with the spatial detail plan.

An Assessment of the Optimal Capacity and an Economic Evaluation of a Sustainable Photovoltaic Energy System in Korea

The purpose of this study is to conduct an economic evaluation of a photovoltaic-energy storage system (PV–ESS system) based on the power generation performance data of photovoltaic operations in Korea, and to calculate the optimal capacity of the energy storage system. In this study, PV systems in Jeju-do and Gyeongsangnam-do were targeted, PV systems in this area were assumed to be installed on a general site, and the research was conducted by applying weights based on the facility’s capacity. All the analyses were conducted using the actual amount of Korea power exchange (KPX) transactions of PV systems in 2019. In order to calculate the optimal capacity of the power conditioning system (PCS) and the battery energy storage system (BESS) according to global horizontal irradiation (GHI), PV systems with a minimum/maximum/central value were selected by comparing the solar radiation before the horizontal plane for three years (2017–2019) in the location where the PV systems was installed. As a result of the analysis, in Jeju-do, if the renewable energy certificate (REC) weight decreased to 3.4 when there was no change in the cost of installing a BESS and a PCS, it was more economical to link to the BESS than the operation of the PV system alone. In Gyeongsangnam-do, it was revealed that if the REC weight was reduced to 3.4, it was more likely to link to the BESS than the operation of the PV system alone.

Analysis and forecast for gas demand using the VARMA model

Subject. The article assesses the fluctuations in market demand for gas to ensure market flexibility. Objectives. The aim is to develop a methodology for forming an optimal capacity portfolio of oil and gas industry enterprises, taking into account the specifics of the industry to ensure market flexibility, and its testing, on the case of forming a capacity portfolio for three market zones (NCG – Germany, GASPOOL and AVTP – Austria), using the VARMA model. Methods. We employ methods of financial econometrics and statistics. Results. The study reveals the specifics of the state of the European gas market, considers the prerequisites for ensuring flexibility, and unveils the main tools to ensure the required level of flexibility. It also offers and tests an algorithm, based on the VARMA model, for assessing and forecasting gas demand in three market zones. We substantiate the need for determining the degree of interrelation between the indices of complementary trade zones, and consider models enabling to assess interrelationships and modeling of projected prices and demand in the future. Conclusions. The findings may be used for integration of capacities into the capacity generation model, in order to calculate a portfolio of gas transportation and storage capacities, which will allow providing predicted fluctuations in gas demand without risk.

Optimising the balance of acute and intermediate care capacity for the complex discharge pathway: computer modelling study during COVID-19 recovery in England

Objectives: While there has been significant research on the pressures facing acute hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been less interest in downstream community services which have also been challenged in meeting demand. This study aimed to estimate the theoretical cost-optimal capacity requirement for 'step down' intermediate care services within a major healthcare system in England, at a time when considerable uncertainty remained regarding vaccination uptake and the easing of societal restrictions. Methods: Demand for intermediate care was projected using an epidemiological model (for COVID-19 demand) and regressing upon public mobility (for non-COVID-19 demand). These were inputted to a computer simulation model of patient flow from acute discharge readiness to bedded and home-based Discharge to Assess (D2A) intermediate care services. Cost-optimal capacity was defined as that which yielded the lowest total cost of intermediate care provision and corresponding acute discharge delays. Results: Increased intermediate care capacity is likely to bring about lower system-level costs, with the additional D2A investment more than offset by substantial reductions in costly acute discharge delays (leading also to improved patient outcome and experience). Results suggest that completely eliminating acute 'bed blocking' is unlikely economical (requiring large amounts of downstream capacity), and that health systems should instead target an appropriate tolerance based upon the specific characteristics of the pathway. Conclusions: Computer modelling can be a valuable asset for determining optimal capacity allocation along the complex care pathway. With results supporting a Business Case for increased downstream capacity, this study demonstrates how modelling can be applied in practice and provides a blueprint for use alongside the freely-available model code.

Off-Grid Multi-Carrier Microgrid Design Optimisation: The Case of Rakiura–Stewart Island, Aotearoa–New Zealand

The establishment of the concept of sustainable, decentralised, multi-carrier energy systems, together with the declining costs of renewable energy technologies, has proposed changes in off-grid electrification interventions towards the development of integrated energy systems. Notwithstanding the potential benefits, the optimal capacity planning of such systems with multiple energy carriers—electricity, heating, cooling, hydrogen, biogas—is exceedingly complex due to the concurrent goals and interrelated constraints that must be relaxed. To this end, this paper puts forward an innovative new optimal capacity planning method for a first-of-its-kind stand-alone multiple energy carrier microgrid (MECM) serving the electricity, hot water, and transportation fuel demands of remote communities. The proposed off-grid MECM system is equipped with solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, a hydrogen-based energy storage system—including an electrolyser, a hydrogen reservoir, and a fuel cell—a hybrid super-capacitor/battery energy storage system, a hot water storage tank, a heat exchanger, an inline electric heater, a hydrogen refuelling station, and some power converters. The main objective of calculating the optimal size of the conceptualised isolated MECM’s components through minimising the associated lifetime costs is fulfilled by a specifically developed meta-heuristic-based solution algorithm subject to a set of operational and planning constraints. To evaluate the utility and effectiveness of the proposed method, as well as the technical feasibility and economic viability of the suggested grid-independent MECM layout, a numerical case study was carried out for Rakiura–Stewart Island, Aotearoa–New Zealand. Notably, the numeric simulation results highlight that the optimal solution presents a low-risk, high-yield investment opportunity, which is able to save the diesel-dependent community a significant 54% in electricity costs (including electrified space heating)—if financed as a community renewable energy project—apart from providing a cost-effective and resilient platform to serve the hot water and transportation fuel needs.