AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE STRUCTURE OF CYSTIC DYSPLASIA IN CHILDREN

Cystic dysplasia is a heterogeneous group of diseases, with 12–15% share in the structure of congenital kidney anomalies and 8–10% share in the structure of the causes of chronic renal failure in children. The article presents the results of observation of patients with polycystic kidney disease. To study the clinical features of the course of various forms of cystic dysplasia in children we analyzed the histories of children with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. We revealed clinical, laboratory and instrumental features of the course of various types of cystic renal dysplasia.

Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Ureter by Ultrasonography

Present study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography in correlation with IVU in suspected patients of Congenital anomalies of kidney and Ureter. In study, ultrasonography and IVU was done in 50 clinically suspected patients of congenital anomalies of kidney that was admitted in BSMMU, BIRDEM & DMCH during the period of July 2008 to May 2009. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included. Findings of USG and IVU were correlated. Sonographically abnormalities were diagnosed in 46 (92%) cases, out of which 45 (95.7%) also diagnosed by IVU and 1 (33.3) was normal in IVU. Out of 4 (8%) Sonographically demonstrated normal cases, 2 (4.3%) were proved normal by IVU and 2 (66.7%) cases which missed by sonography were diagnosed by IVU. Sensitivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing congenital kidney disease was 95.7% and specificity was 66.7%, positive predictive value was 97.8%, negative predictive value was 50.0% and accuracy was 94.0%. So, we conclude that ultrasonography has significant sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy in diagnosis of congenital kidney anomalies correlating with IVU. As such, USG can be considered as an appropriate imaging tool for diagnosis of congenital anomalies of kidney.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5(1): 8-11, 2014 (January)

Prevention Of Chronic Renal Diseases

It is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. This postulate is a foundation stone of the contemporary medicine, furthermore its mission. The Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), amongst them the Chronic Pyelonephrites (CP) and the mass kidney reduction take an important place in human pathologies in general, and in particular in renal ones. The Chronic Pyelonephrites are chronic renal pathologies, which on one side are of various causes and on the other side are multi systemic. At the same time they tend, earlier or later, depending on their course, to bring the patient towards the Chronic Kidney Insufficiency in stage of uremia, consequently in need of substitution therapies e.g. dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant. It is worthy to emphasize that from the prevention and correct cure of CP make profit the patients, the family, the state and in the last analyses the entire society, because in that way the budget expense destined for the fore going substitution cures, dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant, is considerably reduced. The same should be mentioned in relation to the CP and the mass kidney reduction, speaking about our country, which are still at the first place as the very cause of Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies (CRI), later on advancing toward uremia and terminal uremia along with its grave consequences. In general the very foundation of the CP is on the infections of urinary roads, in particular on the complicated ones, among them it should be mentioned-congenital kidney anomalies, renal calculosis so much present in our country, and pathologies of segment or vesical-ureteral reflux, and rarely the pathologies of prostate.